Capillary interaction of copper melt with dense and porous MAX phase (Cr, Mn)2AlC

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In the present work, we experimentally studied the interaction of a pure copper melt with a dense MAX-phase (Cr, Mn)2AlC after sintering by the electric pulse plasma method and a porous phase obtained by pressing at room temperature. The porous phase (20 % porosity) absorbs molten copper at temperatures above 1200 °C; the kinetics of absorption was directly measured using high-speed thermal and video cameras. The experiments were carried out in a vacuum of 10–3 Pa. Studies using scanning electron microscopy, EDX spectral analysis and X-ray diffraction have shown that a chemical interaction of the MAX-phase with a copper melt occurs with the formation of a solution of aluminum and chromium in copper and the decomposition of the MAX-phase to chromium carbides (stable or metastable). The dense, sintered sample also actively interacts with the melt, although the contact angles exceed 100°. The difference between porous and dense samples lies in the kinetics of interaction. The results were compared with experiments on wetting the Cr2AlC MAX-phase with a Cu (0.8 at.% Cr) melt conducted earlier. The described experimental conditions and the results of determining chemical and phase changes in the process of capillary interaction indicate the possibility of creating a composite material with a submicron structure of chromium carbide impregnated with aluminum bronze.

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Sobre autores

S. Zhevnenko

National Research Technological University MISiS

Email: mvg@misis.ru
Rússia, Moscow, 119049

M. Gorshenkov

National Research Technological University MISiS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: mvg@misis.ru
Rússia, Moscow, 119049

Bibliografia

  1. Sokol M., Natu V., Kota S. and Barsoum M.W. On the chemical diversity of the MAX phases // Trends in Chem. 2019. V. 1. № 2. P. 210–223.
  2. Lei X. and Lin N. Structure and synthesis of MAX phase materials: a brief review // Critical Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 2022. V. 47. № 5. P. 736–771.
  3. Горшков В.А., Милосердов П.А., Хоменко Н.Ю., Милосердова О.М. Литые керамические материалы на основе max фаз в системе: Mn-Cr-Al-C, полученные методом СВС / Живучесть и конструкционное материаловедение (ЖивКоМ-2020): Сб. трудов V Международной научно-технической конференции в дистанционном формате, Москва, 27–29 октября 2020 года. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт машиноведения им. А.А. Благонравова Российской академии наук, 2020. С. 90–91.
  4. Barsoum M.W., E-Raghy T. The MAX phases: Unique new carbide and nitride materials // Amer. Sci. 2001. V. 89. No. 4. P. 336–345.
  5. Barsoum M.W., Radovic M. Elastic and mechanical properties of the MAX phases // Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2011. V. 41. P. 195–22

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental scheme (a) and the view of a drop of copper in a video camera at high temperature in a suspended state (b) and lying on the MAX phase (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC (c). (d) shows the view of a drop in a thermal imaging camera. The arrows on (a) indicate the contact angle to be measured.

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3. Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction spectrum of powder (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC after synthesis and purification in an aqueous HCl solution.

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4. Fig. 3. X-ray diffraction spectra of powder (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC after spark plasma sintering (lower spectrum) and interaction with copper melt (upper spectrum).

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5. Fig. 4. Electron microscopic images of transverse sections of a sintered, dense sample (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC under a drop of copper (a, c, e) and a porous substrate impregnated with copper (b, d, e). a is a drop of copper and the area of composition change under it (lighter in comparison with the MAX phase area); b is the area impregnated with copper (light). The absorbed drop was located directly above the upper edge of the image; c, d – the transition region of the decayed and preserved MAX phase on dense and porous samples, respectively; e, e - the microstructure of the region directly in contact with the copper drop (for dense and porous samples, respectively).

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6. Fig. 5. SEM image (a) and distribution maps of chromium, aluminum, copper and manganese at the front of the formation and propagation of the melt (b–c) inside the porous (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC after impregnation. The MRSA spectra for MAX phases (g, spectrum 1) and chromium carbide containing manganese (d, spectrum 2) are given. The spectrum of na (e) was obtained from the melt region (the interlayer between phase components 1 and 2).

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7. Fig. 6. SEM image (a) and distribution maps of chromium, aluminum, copper and manganese at the contact surface of the melt with the substrate (b–c) inside the porous (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC after impregnation. Only chromium carbide (with manganese), melt and Al2O3 phase are observed.

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8. Fig. 7. Copper melt droplets on the surface of dense, sintered MAX phases (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC (a) and Cr2AlC (b). Kinetics of absorption of copper melt into the porous phase (Cr0.75Mn0.25)2AlC and images of droplets during absorption, as well as the contact diameter of the droplet in the absorption process (in).

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