Induction of ductile modes of ice fracture and drastic enhancement of its fracture energy by means of introduction of nanoscale additives

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Resumo

Ice brittleness and low strength limits its usage as a construction material in cold climate regions on Earth (Arctics, Antarctic, high mountain regions on other continents) as well as in construction of habitable colonies at Moon and Mars planned by several countries despite attractiveness of its other properties. The paper presents experimental study of enhancement of ice carrying capacity and fracture energy by introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles and polyvinyl alcohol into it. Concentration dependences of these properties enhancement are found. Quantitative characteristics of transition from brittle fracture mode in pure ice to ductile one in ice composite caused by growing content of additives are revealed. This transition results in 2–3 orders of magnitude increase in ice fracture energy.

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Sobre autores

Yu. Golovin

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov; Moscow

V. Vasyukov

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

V. Rodaev

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

A. Samodurov

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

D. Golovin

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

A. Tyurin

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: tyurinalexander@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

S. Razlivalova

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov

V. Buznik

G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: yugolovin@yandex.ru
Rússia, Tambov; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Typical s–e diagrams of uniaxial compression loading for LC with PVA (1–5, 8), LC PVA + 0.3% SiO2 (6, 10, 11, 13) and LC PVA + 3% SiO2 (7, 9, 12, 15) with PVA concentrations from 0 to 7 wt. %; 1–5, 8, 14 – PVA concentrations of 0, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 5 wt. %, respectively, 6, 10, 11, 13 – 0, 0.5, 3, 5 wt. %, respectively, 7, 9, 12, 15 – 0, 0.3, 3, 7 wt. %, respectively, sp is the peak stress.

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3. Fig. 2. Dependences of peak stresses σp withstood by LC under uniaxial compression on the PVA concentration ω: 1 – LC with PVA, 2 – LC PVA + 0.3% SiO2, 3 – LC PVA + 3% SiO2, 4 – pure ice. The insets show the grain structure of pure ice and LC with 3 wt. % SiO2.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependences of inelastic deformation Dep (a) and specific work A (b) on the mass fraction of PVA additive ω: 1 – LC with PVA, 2 – LC PVA + 0.3% SiO2, 3 – LC PVA + 3% SiO2, 4 – pure ice, 5 – pure ice according to data in [34]. Single hatching – detection limits Δεp ~ 0.01% and A ~ 50 J/m2, double hatching – theoretical limit of specific energy of absolutely brittle fracture near A ~ 1 J/m2, arrows – possible real values ​​of Δεp and A.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of specific work A on inelastic deformation Dep before reaching sp for LC with PVA: 1 – LC with PVA, 2 – LC PVA + 0.3% SiO2, 3 – LC PVA +3% SiO2, 4 – pure ice, arrows – possible real values ​​of Δεp and A.

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6. Fig. 5. Dependences of inelastic deformation Dep (a) and specific work A (b) on sp for LC with PVA: 1 – LC with PVA, 2 – LC PVA + 0.3% SiO2, 3 – LC PVA + 3% SiO2, 4 – pure ice. Single hatching – detection limits Δεp ~ 0.01% and A ~ 50 J/m2, double hatching – theoretical limit of specific energy of absolutely brittle fracture near A ~ 1 J/m2, arrows – possible real values ​​of Δεp and A.

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