First record of Zoantharia in the Black Sea: Isozoanthus cf. sulcatus reared from planulae

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Abstract

The first record of a species from the order Zoantharia in the Black Sea is given. Zoantharians were successfully reared from planktonic larvae collected in a single planktonic net haul conducted in shallow coastal waters of the Golubaya Bay, Gelendzhik area, Caucasus. The larvae were subsequently settled in a small glass container and resulting colonies were maintained in an aquarium with a salinity level of 18 psu for approximately nine months, but in June 2018 all colonies died due to uncontrolled bloom of filamentous algae. The presence of symbiotic algae of the family Symbiodiniacea in tissues of colonies is shown. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial (COI) markers revealed a high degree of similarity between the Black Sea zoantharian and Isozoanthus sulcatus (Gosse 1860) from European seas.

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About the authors

Ulyana V. Simakova

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tina@ocean.ru
Russian Federation, 36 Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117218

Andrey A. Prudkovsky

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: tina@ocean.ru

Invertebrate Zoology Department

Russian Federation, Leninskie Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234

Tatiana S. Lebedeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: tina@ocean.ru

Embryology Department

Russian Federation, Leninskie Gory 1–12, Moscow, 119234

Alexandra E. Smorygo

Université libre de Bruxelles

Email: tina@ocean.ru
Belgium, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050, Bruxelles

Viktoria N. Moskalenko

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: tina@ocean.ru
Russian Federation, 36 Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117218

Tina N. Molodtsova

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: tina@ocean.ru
Russian Federation, 36 Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117218

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2. Fig. 1. Isozoanthus cf. sulcatus from the Black Sea: A – Planula, SEM; B–D – Close-ups of colonies reared in aquarium.

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3. Fig 2. The ML Phylogenetic tree COI gene (658 bp). Only reliable supports values (SH‒aLRT/UFboot greater than or equal to 80/95%) are shown. Data generated in our study are marked in bold.

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