Ignition of anthracite by a laser pulse

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Abstract

The ignition of tableted samples (ρ = 1 g/cm3) of microparticles (d ≤ 63 microns) of anthracite by laser pulses (532 nm, 10 ns, (0.15–0.5) 109 W/cm2) was studied. When the critical energy density Hcr(1) ≈ 0.15 J/cm2 is exceeded, an optical breakdown of the sample surface occurs during the laser pulse and the formation of a plasma flare with a lifetime of ≥ 5 microseconds. The amplitude of the plasma glow, depending on the energy density of the laser pulses, is described in the framework of the optical breakdown model. The presence of the following atoms and molecules in plasma was identified by the luminescence spectra: C, C+, Ca+, Fe+, Fe, CN, C2, CO. At a density of H > Hcr(2), in anthracite samples, as in hard coals, thermochemical reactions are initiated in the volume of microparticles, the release and ignition of volatile substances and №n-volatile residue in a submillisecond time interval.

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About the authors

B. P. Aduyev

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal-Chemistry of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lesinko-iuxm@yandex.ru

Институт углехимии и химического материаловедения 

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

D. R. Nurmukhametov

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal-Chemistry of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: lesinko-iuxm@yandex.ru

Институт углехимии и химического материаловедения 

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

I. Y. Liskov

Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal-Chemistry of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: lesinko-iuxm@yandex.ru

Институт углехимии и химического материаловедения 

Russian Federation, Kemerovo

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Functional diagram of the experimental setup: 1 - glass neutral light filters, 2 - transparent glass plate, 3 - rotating mirror, 4 - lens, 5 - sample, 6 - lens, 7 - slit (0.1 × 3 mm), 8 - lens, 9 - lens, 10 - oscilloscope, 11 - light guide, PMT - photomultiplier, F - photodiode, BS - synchronization unit, SM - spectrometer, P - polychromator, ФХ - photochronograph, СФХ - spectrophotochronograph, L - laser, K - computer; I - first channel, II - second channel, III - third channel.

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3. Fig. 2. Typical luminescence oscillograms arising during ignition of anthracite samples: a – Hcr = 0.2 J/cm2; b – Hcr = 2.5 J/cm2. The dashed line in Fig. 2a shows the laser pulse.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the probability of the appearance of glow of anthracite samples (p) on the energy density of laser pulses: 1 – the first type of glow (Fig. 2a), Hcr(1) = (0.15 ± 0.03) J/cm2; 2 – the second type of glow (Fig. 2b), Hcr(2) = (2.20 ± 0.02) J/cm2.

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of the luminescence amplitude I of anthracite samples on the energy density at the end of the laser pulse. The dashed curve is constructed using formula (4) with the parameter values ​​A = 720 rel. units and H0 = 1.5 J/cm2.

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6. Fig. 5. Glow spectra of anthracite samples (a) and the second type (b), the first type corresponding to the moments of time t = 40 ns and 30 μs from the beginning of the laser pulse.

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7. Fig. 6. Glow spectrum of anthracite in the range of λ = 200–860 nm exposed to laser radiation with λ = 532 nm, pulse duration of 10 ns and power density W = 0.5 GW/cm2: a – range of 200–300 nm, lines of C, C+, C2+, Al, and OH (A2∑+ – X 2П) glow bands are observed; b – range of 330–450 nm, bands of CN (B2∑+ – X 2∑+), CH (A2∑+ – X 2П) and Ca+ lines are observed; c – range of 450–600 nm, glow bands of C2 (e3Пg – a 3Пu) are observed; d – range of 600–860 nm, glow lines of Fe and Fe+ are observed.

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