Тритий от молекулы до биосферы. 2. Подходы к дозиметрии

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Аннотация

Тритий (3H) имеет естественное и техногенное происхождение. Высокая миграционная способность, наличие разных физических форм и химических соединений, сродство с органическими молекулами и включенность в обменные процессы в биосфере привлекают внимание к этому изотопу в сфере радиационной защиты живых организмов и человека. Проанализированы данные 324 публикаций (230 из них – в Приложении)[1] на основе лабораторных и полевых исследований для понимания подходов к методологии оценки доз 3H у референтных групп организмов растений и животных, обозначенных в 108-й Публикации Международного комитета по радиационной защите. Описаны базовые принципы и особенности расчета мощности поглощенной дозы от неорганических и органических форм и соединений 3H для разных уровней биологической организации. Выявлено более половины исследований, не касающихся вопросов дозиметрии, но анализирующих радиобиологические эффекты. Перспективы дальнейших исследований могут быть связаны с дифференцированным подходом при оценке доз от разных форм и соединений 3H, обеспечением более тесного контакта между лабораторными и полевыми исследованиями, а также смещением фокуса внимания с уровня референтных организмов на уровень популяций. Полученные результаты найдут свое применение при постановке проблем в области радиоэкологии и радиобиологии, а также при усовершенствовании норм радиационной безопасности, связанных с работой действующих предприятий атомной промышленности и развитием объектов новой ядерной техники.

 

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Е. В. Антонова

Институт экологии растений и животных УрО РАН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: selena@ipae.uran.ru
Россия, 620144, Екатеринбург, ул. 8 Марта, 202

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2. Рис. 1. Круговорот разных форм и соединений трития в биосфере: HT – меченные тритием газы; CH3T – тритиевый метан; HTO – тритиевая несвязанная вода; TFWT – тритий свободной воды тканей; T-Pr – меченные 3H прекурсоры; OBT – органически связанный 3H.

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3. Рис. 2. Концептуальная схема оценки мощности поглощенной дозы от трития: HTO – тритиевая несвязанная вода; TFWT – тритий свободной воды тканей; T-Pr – меченные 3H прекурсоры; OBT – органически связанный 3H; eOBT – обменная форма OBT; neOBT – необменная форма OBT.

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4. Рис. 3. Распределение исследований (%) по дозиметрии трития среди референтных групп организмов (исходный материал – 362 исследования). Данные о пресноводных (п) и морских (м) водорослях расположены на внутреннем и внешнем кольцах соответственно.

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5. Рис. 4. Распределение публикаций по типу исследований между референтными группами организмов (исходный материал – 362 эксперимента). Доли разных типов исследований (%) обозначены разными цветами. Данные о пресноводных (п) и морских (м) водорослях расположены на внутреннем и внешнем кольцах соответственно.

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6. Рис. 5. Распределение исследований по формам и соединениям трития между референтными группами организмов (исходный материал – 361 исследование). Доли разных форм и соединений 3Н (%) обозначены разными цветами. Данные о пресноводных (п) и морских (м) водорослях расположены на внутреннем и внешнем кольцах соответственно.

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7. Приложение
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