The impact of environmental factors in industrial cities on the development, course, and outcomes of cerebrovascular pathology in patients with metabolic syndrome: medical and social aspects

Kamila Sh. Adzhieva; Аджиева Камила Шамильевна; Inna R. Gukasyan; Гукасян Инна Робертовна; Airat R. Galimov; Галимов Айрат Рамирович; Zukhra Sh. Adamova; Адамова Зухра Шамильевна; Zaira I. Shikhalieva; Шихалиева Заира Идрисовна; Anastasia R. Yukina; Юкина Анастасия Романовна; Daniil I. Vashchenko; Ващенко Даниил Иванович; Anastasia V. Pogrebnyak; Погребняк Анастасия Валерьевна; Ksenia S. Yakovleva; Яковлева Ксения Сергеевна; Sharapudin S. Magomedov; Магомедов Шарапудин Сиражутдинович; Asiyat R. Barkaeva; Баркаева Асият Рамазановна; Valeria A. Knyazeva; Князева Валерия Анатольевна; Amina E. Garifyanova; Гарифьянова Амина Эльвировна; Albina A. Nib; Ниб Альбина Азаматовна

doi:10.17816/MSER698917

The impact of environmental factors in industrial cities on the development, course, and outcomes of cerebrovascular pathology in patients with metabolic syndrome: medical and social aspects

Authors: Adzhieva K.S.¹, Gukasyan I.R.¹, Galimov A.R.², Adamova Z.S.¹, Shikhalieva Z.I.¹, Yukina A.R.¹, Vashchenko D.I.¹, Pogrebnyak A.V.¹, Yakovleva K.S.¹, Magomedov S.S.¹, Barkaeva A.R.¹, Knyazeva V.A.¹, Garifyanova A.E.², Nib A.A.³
Affiliations:
1. Rostov State Medical University
2. Bashkir State Medical University
3. Kuban State Medical University
Section: Reviews
Submitted: 19.12.2025
Accepted: 29.01.2026
Published: 30.01.2026
URL: https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/698917
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/MSER698917
ID: 698917

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Abstract

In the context of global urbanization and the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), the impact of environmental factors in industrial cities on the incidence and severity of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) has become particularly relevant. This literature review focuses on analyzing the interaction between pathophysiological components of MS (insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity) and environmental factors in industrial cities. The obtained data demonstrate that these factors synergistically exacerbate the main mechanisms of vascular damage, such as systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. This interaction leads to accelerated development and progression of atherosclerosis, cerebral microangiopathy, as well as an increased risk of both primary and recurrent acute CVD. The review specifically examines the heightened sensitivity of patients with MS to the negative effects of air pollutants, which creates a vicious circle of pathogenesis. This manifests clinically as more severe neurological deficits, poorer functional outcomes of the disease, accelerated cognitive decline, and reduced effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. It is also noted that existing prognostic scales (e.g., CHA₂DS₂-VASc) and medical and social examination criteria do not account for the influence of environmental factors, which limits their clinical effectiveness in practice. This leads to reduced efficiency in the rehabilitation of patients with CVD and their consequences. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a need to develop comprehensive predictive and preventive strategies. These should include not only individual correction of metabolic disorders and implementation of personalized rehabilitation programs, but also large-scale environmental and urban planning measures aimed at reducing air and noise pollution levels. Additionally, it is necessary to develop rehabilitation programs focused on the urban environment to reduce the medical, social, and economic burden on healthcare systems in industrial regions.

Keywords

Healthcare, environmental health, urban environment, industrial city, risk factors, cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, air pollution, noise pollution, stroke