Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and RehabilitationMedical and Social Expert Evaluation and RehabilitationМедико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация1560-95372412-2092Eco-Vector66397510.17816/MSER663975ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticlePhysical activity as a regulator of myocardial remodeling: from cellular mechanisms to clinical recommendationsФизическая активность как регулятор ремоделирования миокарда: от клеточных механизмов к клиническим рекомендациямhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-9705-2255IdigovMagomed-Emi Kh.ИдиговМагомед-Эми Хаважиевич
Russian Federation

student

студент

maga707q@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-7991-0515ShirkhanyanSofia G.ШирханянСофия Гевондовна
Russian Federation

student

студент

goldensofii@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-02048742-4109GalimovAirat R.ГалимовАйрат Рамирович
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

канд. мед. наук, доцент

galimovajrat457@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-4262-1712KhechumyanAngelina A.ХечумянАнгелина Артуровна
Russian Federation

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студент

angelina.koroleva.2016@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5786-6059KhoshafyanAmbartsum O.ХошафянАмбарцум Олегович
Russian Federation

student

студент

a-khoshafyan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3014-3555PashaevGasan V.ПашаевГасан Валех оглы
Russian Federation

student

студент

pasaevgasan54@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-6786-642XMamedkhanovaAmina A.МамедхановаАмина Азаматовна
Russian Federation

student

студент

amina.mamedkhanova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-6292-4297MamedovMamed S.МамедовМамед Саидович
Russian Federation

student

студент

Mamedov.939@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-3231-4681MamedkhanovAnar A.МамедхановАнар Азаматович
Russian Federation

student

студент

amamedkhanov.dok@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-6167-0218KankaevaAisa V.КанкаеваАйса Валерьевна
Russian Federation

student

студент

kankaeva.a@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-4924-1532SusarovaAizan M.СусароваАйзан Мурсалиновна
Russian Federation

student

студент

aizan.mur@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-0079-3409MinaevDmitriy V.МинаевДмитрий Валерьевич
Russian Federation

student

студент

dima.minaev.2000@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-3642-6213LevdikIlya Yu.ЛевдикИлья Юрьевич
Russian Federation

student

студент

levdik15@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-5074-3802PetrovaAlena O.ПетроваАлена Олеговна
Russian Federation

student

студент

apetroff01@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1747-6197AlievMagomed V.АлиевМагомед Вугарович
Russian Federation

student

студент

alievm294@gmail.comRostov State Medical UniversityРостовский государственный медицинский университетBashkir State Medical UniversityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетFar Eastern State Medical UniversityДальневосточный государственный медицинский университетSamara State Medical UniversityСамарский государственный медицинский университетPavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical UniversityПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова27052025280720252741811972602202513032025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/663975

Cardiac rehabilitation is an effective method for restoring and improving cardiovascular function in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Rehabilitation exercises not only enhance physical endurance and improve patients’ psycho-emotional state but also play a key role in myocardial remodeling. This article explores the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which physical activity influences cardiac tissue repair, including the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammatory processes. The review analyzes current research data confirming the positive impact of exercise on the morphological and functional state of the heart, as well as the prospects for using rehabilitation training as an adjunctive strategy to optimize myocardial remodeling. Particular attention is given to the role of non-coding RNAs, signaling pathways, and intercellular interactions in these processes. The study also identifies gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in pathological cardiac remodeling, highlighting the need for further research. The use of modern methods, such as high-throughput sequencing and analysis of individual cells, may open up new perspectives in studying the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of rehabilitation exercises. These technologies make it possible to detail the mechanisms of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical activity and identify potential therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs and non-medicinal interventions.

Кардиореабилитация представляет собой эффективный метод восстановления и улучшения функций сердечно-сосудистой системы у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Реабилитационные упражнения не только способствуют повышению физической выносливости и улучшению психоэмоционального состояния пациентов, но и играют ключевую роль в ремоделировании миокарда. В данной статье рассматриваются молекулярные и клеточные механизмы, через которые физическая активность влияет на восстановление сердечной ткани, включая регуляцию апоптоза кардиомиоцитов, ангиогенеза, фиброза и воспалительных процессов. Проанализированы данные современных исследований, подтверждающих положительное влияние физических нагрузок на морфофункциональное состояние сердца, а также перспективы применения реабилитационных тренировок в качестве вспомогательной стратегии для оптимизации ремоделирования миокарда. Особое внимание уделяется механизму регуляции некодирующими РНК, сигнальным путям и межклеточным взаимодействиям. Выявлены пробелы в изучении механизмов влияния физических нагрузок на патологическое ремоделирование сердца, что требует дальнейших исследований. Применение современных методов, таких как высокопроизводительное секвенирование и анализ отдельных клеток, может открыть новые перспективы в изучении механизмов, обусловливающих благоприятное влияние реабилитационных упражнений. Эти технологии позволят детализировать механизмы адаптации сердечно-сосудистой системы к физической нагрузке и выявить потенциальные терапевтические мишени для разработки новых лекарственных препаратов и немедикаментозных вмешательств.

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