Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and RehabilitationMedical and Social Expert Evaluation and RehabilitationМедико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация1560-95372412-2092Eco-Vector68558810.17816/MSER685588IQVJRQOriginal study articlesОригинальные исследованияResearch ArticleFeatures of assessing mental and behavioral disorders in juvenile offenders at a temporary detention centerОсобенности оценки нарушений психики и поведения несовершеннолетних правонарушителей в условиях центра временного содержания несовершеннолетних правонарушителейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5311-59506358-4511KarpatenkovaOksana V.КарпатенковаОксана Владимировна
Russian Federation
karpat-08@mail.ruCenter for Temporary Detention of Juvenile Offenders under the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad RegionЦентр временного содержания несовершеннолетних правонарушителей при ГУ МВД по Санкт-Петербургу и Ленинградской области220820250912202528271802306202502082025Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/685588

BACKGROUND: The increase in juvenile delinquency necessitates the development of comprehensive rehabilitation methods as a preventive measure in situations where there are no specialized professionals on the staff of temporary detention centers for juvenile offenders.

AIM: The work aimed to assess mental function disorders and activity limitations in juveniles held in a temporary detention center for juvenile offenders.

METHODS: The study included the analysis of 77 documentation units; a survey of 259 juveniles aged 14 and older, including offenders; and examinations by a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, incorporating diagnostic and pedagogical interviews, physical examinations, standardized scales, and experimental–psychological testing. The duration was from 2019 to 2023. A composite rehabilitation profile of a juvenile offender was developed.

RESULTS: Mental and behavioral disorders accounted for 9.0% of the pathological morbidity profile and 37.9% of hospitalizations. Juveniles were under psychiatric (22.2%) or narcological (14.8%) supervision; 51.8% reported alcohol use, and 14.8% reported drug use. Reported complaints included panic attacks (33.3%), psychomotor agitation (18.5%), dyssomnias (22.2%), and suicide attempts (7.8%). Observed disorders included impairments in volitional and motivational functions (78.4%), temperament and personality (62.8%), sleep functions (59.8%), attention (57.0%), and emotions (54.1%); perception disorders (15.6%); and cognitive (29.8%) and intellectual (32.8%) impairments; rs = 0.713. Emotional issues included anxiety (46.6%), aggressiveness (54.6%), low stress tolerance (18.2%), emotional coldness (9.1%), or heightened empathy (27.3%); intelligence was at an average level in 51.9% and above average in 40.4%, with intellectual disability in 7.7%; rs = 0.713. School learning ability was limited (78.1%). Difficulties were noted in coping with stress (100.0%), decision-making (81.8%), problem-solving (72.7%), and maintaining daily routines (54.5%); rs = 0.801. Social disintegration was linked to limitations in organizing leisure (100%), health care (72.8%), and self-care (15.3%); rs = 0.722. Communication limitations included understanding spoken language (36.3%), expressive speech (27.1%), ability to conduct conversations (36.3%) and discussions (45.4%), and maintaining formal (27.7%), friendly (27.7%), and family (81.8%) relationships; rs = 0.737.

CONCLUSION: Juvenile offenders are typically characterized by moderate impairments of mental functions, which lead to impairments in adaptation and social integration of adolescents.

Обоснование. Рост преступности несовершеннолетних требует разработки методов комплексной реабилитации как элемента профилактики правонарушений в отсутствие профильных специалистов в штате центров временного содержания несовершеннолетних правонарушителей.

Цель. Оценить нарушения психических функций и ограничения жизнедеятельности несовершеннолетних в условиях центра временного содержания несовершеннолетних правонарушителей.

Материалы и методы. Выполнены анализ 77 единиц документации; анкетирование 259 несовершеннолетних от 14 лет, в том числе правонарушителей; осмотры мультидисциплинарной реабилитационной командой, включая диагностическое и педагогическое интервью, физикальный осмотр, применение шкал, экспериментально-психологическое обследование. Продолжительность — с 2019 по 2023 год. Сформирован совокупный реабилитационный профиль несовершеннолетнего правонарушителя.

Результаты. Расстройства психики и поведения составили 9,0% в структуре патологической поражённости и 37,9% в структуре госпитализаций. Несовершеннолетние находились под диспансерным психиатрическим (22,2%) или наркологическим (14,8%) наблюдением, алкоголь употребляли 51,8%, наркотические вещества — 14,8%. Предъявлялись жалобы на панические атаки (33,3%), психомоторное возбуждение (18,5%), диссомнии (22,2%), суицидальные попытки (7,8%). Наблюдались нарушения волевых и побудительных функций (78,4%), темперамента и личности (62,8%), функций сна (59,8%), внимания (57,0%), эмоций (54,1%); нарушения восприятия (15,6%), познавательных (29,8%) и интеллектуальных функций (32,8%); rs=0,713. Отмечались тревожность (46,6%), агрессивность (54,6%), низкая стрессовая толерантность (18,2%), эмоциональная холодность (9,1%) или повышенная эмпатия (27,3%), средний (51,9%) или выше среднего (40,4%) уровень развития интеллекта, умственная отсталость (7,7%); rs=0,713. Ограничена способность обучаться в школе (78,1%). Затруднены преодоление стресса (100,0%), принятие решений (81,8%), решение проблем (72,7%), поддержание распорядка дня (54,5%); rs=0,801. Социальная дезинтеграция связана с ограничениями способности организовывать досуг (100%), заботиться о здоровье (72,8%), осуществлять элементы самоухода (15,3%); rs=0,722. Ограничены коммуникативные способности: восприятие устной речи (36,3%), экспрессивная речь (27,1%), способность к ведению разговора (36,3%), дискуссии (45,4%), поддержанию формальных (27,7%), дружеских (27,7%), семейных (81,8%) отношений; rs=0,737.

Заключение. Для несовершеннолетних правонарушителей характерны умеренно выраженные нарушения психических функций, приводящие к нарушениям адаптации и социальной интеграции подростка.

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