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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MSER688243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HIBPAD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cognitive reserve among elderly patients with traumatic brain injury</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивный резерв среди пожилых пациентов с черепно-мозговой травмой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9205-0122</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenko</surname><given-names>Anastasia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенко</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anastasiya-lysenko-96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-3692</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8921-6603</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agarkov</surname><given-names>Nikolay M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агарков</surname><given-names>Николай Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vitalaxen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod State National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southwest State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Юго-Западный государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center «MNTK Eye Microsurgery»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тамбовский филиал МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-24"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/688243">https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/688243</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is damage to the brain caused by an external mechanical force, leading to temporary or permanent impairment of brain function and associated with deficits in information processing speed, attention, memory, speech, visuospatial perception, and executive functions. Cognitive reserve is defined as inherited or acquired mental skills that provide higher cognitive adaptability and protect against the effects of brain aging, diseases, or injuries; however, it remains insufficiently studied in patients with TBI.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to examine the characteristics of cognitive reserve in elderly patients with traumatic brain injury.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Fifty-seven individuals aged 60–74 years with TBI and 60 patients of the same age without brain injury were examined. Cognitive reserve was assessed using the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire, which includes questions on education, occupational activity, and leisure time. Mental status was evaluated using the MoCA and MMSE scales.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Comparison between elderly TBI patients and age-matched controls showed that the overall cognitive reserve index was higher in the control group. Among 60–74-year-old TBI patients, the cognitive reserve index was significantly higher in those with mild TBI and lowest in those with severe TBI (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Positive correlations were found between “driving a car” (<italic>r</italic> = 0.315, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) and “use of modern technologies” (<italic>r</italic> = 0.300, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05) in elderly patients without trauma. At the same time, these characteristics were negatively correlated with moderate TBI (<italic>r</italic> = −0.273, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05 and <italic>r</italic> = −0.404, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05, respectively).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Cognitive reserve makes a substantial contribution to the clinical profile of TBI in older age. The results demonstrated that cognitive reserve is associated with TBI severity, with more severe injuries corresponding to a lower cognitive reserve index.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Черепно-мозговая травма (ЧМТ) — это повреждение головного мозга, вызванное внешним механическим воздействием, которое приводит к временному или постоянному нарушению функций мозга и связано с нарушениями скорости обработки информации, внимания, памяти, речи, зрительно-пространственного восприятия и исполнительных функций. Когнитивный резерв определяется как унаследованные или приобретённые умственные навыки, которые обеспечивают более высокую когнитивную адаптивность и защищают от последствий старения мозга, болезней или травм, однако у пациентов с ЧМТ он недостаточно изучен.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение особенностей когнитивного резерва у пожилых пациентов с черепно-мозговой травмой.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Обследованы 57 человек 60–74 лет с ЧМТ и 60 пациентов аналогичного возраста без травматизации. Для оценки когнитивного резерва использовалась методика Cognitive reserve index questionnaire, включающая вопросы об образовании, профессиональной деятельности и свободном времени (досуге). Обследование психического состояния проводилось по шкалам MoCA и MMSE.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>При сравнении результатов пациентов пожилого возраста с ЧМТ и аналогичного возраста без травматизации общий индекс когнитивного резерва был выше у пациентов контрольной группы. Среди пациентов 60–74 лет с ЧМТ индекс когнитивного резерва был статистически значимо выше у лиц с лёгкой степенью тяжести, а наименьшим — с тяжёлой (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001). Была получена положительная корреляция между параметрами «вождение автомобиля» (<italic>r</italic>=0,315, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) и «использование современных технологий» (<italic>r</italic>=0,300, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05) и пациентами пожилого возраста без травматизации. Одновременно эти характеристики были отрицательно связаны с пациентами со средней степенью тяжести ЧМТ (<italic>r</italic>=-0,273, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05 и <italic>r</italic>=-0,404, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05 соответственно).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Когнитивный резерв вносит значительный вклад в клиническую характеристику ЧМТ в пожилом возрасте. Полученные результаты продемонстрировали, что когнитивный резерв взаимосвязан со степенью ЧМТ и чем она тяжелее, тем ниже индекс когнитивного резерва.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive reserve</kwd><kwd>elderly patients</kwd><kwd>traumatic brain injury</kwd><kwd>cognitive reserve index</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивный резерв</kwd><kwd>пожилые пациенты</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>индекс когнитивного резерва</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dikmen SS, Corrigan JD, Levin HS, et al. Cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009;24(6):430–438. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181c133e9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Capizzi A, Woo J, Verduzco-Gutierrez M. Traumatic Brain Injury: An Overview of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Medical Management. 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