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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693970</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MSER693970</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RXILVL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Balance impairment as a limiting factor of functioning after stroke: a contemporary interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нарушения равновесия как фактор ограничения жизнедеятельности после инсульта: современный междисциплинарный подход к реабилитации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2317-1678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaganova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаганова</surname><given-names>Александра Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksandragaganova64@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2771-7725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsova</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцова</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marinamarinakravtsova2001@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4271-0134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>catypa0378@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-7480</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7094-7733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynullin</surname><given-names>Ruslan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллин</surname><given-names>Руслан Анварович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>gaynullin.88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4677-6191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jamalutinova</surname><given-names>Sadiyat D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джамалутинова</surname><given-names>Садият Джамалутиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>d.sadiat11022004@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0598-4850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samodelkina</surname><given-names>Yulia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самоделкина</surname><given-names>Юлия Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>samodelkina.2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3386-9251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ikhsanova</surname><given-names>Maya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ихсанова</surname><given-names>Майя Федоровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maya.yakir@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6828-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Андрей Вадимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>an2reys01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5096-8972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boltaboev</surname><given-names>Kosimjon I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болтабоев</surname><given-names>Косимжон Иномжонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bki20002307gmail@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4610-3050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhamadaliev</surname><given-names>Sardorbek B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махамадалиев</surname><given-names>Сардорбек Бахтиярович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sardorbekmahamadaliev2002@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3939-8669</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Farrakhova</surname><given-names>Azaliya Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фаррахова</surname><given-names>Азалия Зульфаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>farrahovaazaliaa1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5667-0764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alsynbaeva</surname><given-names>Renata R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алсынбаева</surname><given-names>Рената Рустамовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rena.alsynbaeva24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9724-7389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanova</surname><given-names>Dzhamilya Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанова</surname><given-names>Джамиля Закировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gasanodjamila@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4178-5745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishina</surname><given-names>Evelina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишина</surname><given-names>Эвелина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evelina.mishina@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-30"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-01-26"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/693970">https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/693970</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Postural control (PC) impairment is a consequence of acute cerebrovascular events leading to increased disability, limiting functioning, increasing fall risk, and causing a sustained decline in quality of life. The relevance of this review is determined by the need to implement a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to stroke rehabilitation integrating modern diagnostic and PC correction methods, which is of particular importance given the rising number of patients with this condition and limited effectiveness of traditional rehabilitation strategies. Based on the analysis of 76 scientific publications, contemporary concepts of the pathophysiology of post-stroke balance impairment are systematized; central nervous system dysfunction, proprioceptive deficit, and impaired cortical activation play a key role in its genesis. Valid and reliable assessment tools are discussed, including standardized clinical scales (Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test) and instrumental techniques (stabilography, 3D gait analysis, inertial measurement unit–based systems), as well as assessment methods aligned with the International Classification of Functioning framework. The effectiveness of interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs using innovative technological solutions, such as robotic therapy, biofeedback-based systems, and virtual reality, has been demonstrated, showing positive effects not only on physiological balance parameters, but also on activity and participation levels. Particular attention is given to combined kinesitherapeutic approaches such as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, and to integrating psychological support to address fear of falling.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нарушения постурального контроля (ПК) представляют собой следствие острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения, приводящее к повышению уровня инвалидности и детерминирующее ограничения жизнедеятельности, повышение риска падений и устойчивое снижение качества жизни пациентов. Актуальность настоящего обзора обусловлена необходимостью внедрения комплексного междисциплинарного подхода к реабилитации пациентов после инсульта, интегрирующего современные методы диагностики и коррекции ПК, что приобретает особую значимость в условиях роста числа пациентов с данным заболеванием и ограниченной эффективности традиционных реабилитационных методик. В результате проведённого анализа 76 научных публикаций систематизированы современные представления о патофизиологии постинсультных нарушений равновесия, ключевую роль в генезе которых играют дисфункция центральной нервной системы, проприоцептивный дефицит и нарушения корковой активации. Рассмотрены валидные и надёжные инструменты оценки, включающие стандартизированные клинические шкалы (Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test) и инструментальные методы (стабилография, 3D Gait-анализ, системы на основе инерционных измерительных блоков), а также оценочные методики, соответствующие концепции Международной классификации функционирования. Доказана эффективность междисциплинарной реабилитационной программы с применением инновационных технологических решений, таких как роботизированная терапия, системы на основе биологической обратной связи и виртуальной реальности, которые демонстрируют положительное влияние не только на физиологические параметры равновесия, но и на уровень активности и участия. Особое внимание уделено комбинированным кинезиотерапевтическим методикам, таким как проприоцептивная нейромышечная фасилитация, и интеграции психологической поддержки для коррекции страха падений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute cerebrovascular accident</kwd><kwd>stroke outcomes</kwd><kwd>functioning limitation</kwd><kwd>postural control</kwd><kwd>balance impairment</kwd><kwd>post-stroke rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>interdisciplinary approach</kwd><kwd>gait biomechanics</kwd><kwd>proprioceptive training</kwd><kwd>robotic technologies</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>исходы инсульта</kwd><kwd>ограничение жизнедеятельности</kwd><kwd>постуральный контроль</kwd><kwd>нарушения равновесия</kwd><kwd>постинсультная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>междисциплинарный подход</kwd><kwd>биомеханика ходьбы</kwd><kwd>проприоцептивные тренировки</kwd><kwd>роботизированные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Strilciuc S, Grad DA, Radu C, et al. 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