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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698917</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MSER698917</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YWWVWB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Impact of environmental factors in industrial cities on the development, course, and outcomes of cerebrovascular condition in patients with metabolic syndrome: medical and social aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние факторов внешней среды промышленных городов на развитие, течение и исходы цереброваскулярной патологии у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом: медико-социальные аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3711-381X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adzhieva</surname><given-names>Kamila Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аджиева</surname><given-names>Камила Шамильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>adzhiewac@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0517-0728</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gukasyan</surname><given-names>Inna R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гукасян</surname><given-names>Инна Робертовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Ennuigr@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-0204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8742-4109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimov</surname><given-names>Airat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимов</surname><given-names>Айрат Рамирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>airat.galim382@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1601-0775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adamova</surname><given-names>Zukhra Sh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адамова</surname><given-names>Зухра Шамильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zukhra.adamova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1264-4704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhalieva</surname><given-names>Zaira I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихалиева</surname><given-names>Заира Идрисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zairashikhalieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1254-3117</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukina</surname><given-names>Anastasia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юкина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kiiss.doffool@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7762-4297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vashchenko</surname><given-names>Daniil I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ващенко</surname><given-names>Даниил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Vaschenckodaniil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3253-3062</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogrebnyak</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погребняк</surname><given-names>Анастасия Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Nastyena2002Pog@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2382-9141</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>Ksenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jks-15@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2195-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Magomedov</surname><given-names>Sharapudin S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Магомедов</surname><given-names>Шарапудин Сиражутдинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>msharap543@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0931-8898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkaeva</surname><given-names>Asiyat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баркаева</surname><given-names>Асият Рамазановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asya.barkayeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7564-4128</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazeva</surname><given-names>Valeria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князева</surname><given-names>Валерия Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>knyazevavaleria@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0225-4826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garifyanova</surname><given-names>Amina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарифьянова</surname><given-names>Амина Эльвировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aminagarifyanova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4307-9309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nib</surname><given-names>Albina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ниб</surname><given-names>Альбина Азаматовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>albinanib2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>231</fpage><lpage>247</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/698917">https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/698917</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the context of global urbanization and the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the impact of environmental factors characteristic of industrial cities on the incidence and severity of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) has become particularly relevant. This narrative review analyzes the interaction between the pathophysiological components of MetS (insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity) and environmental factors specific to industrial cities. The available evidence demonstrates that these factors act synergistically to exacerbate key mechanisms of vascular injury, including systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. This interaction contributes to the accelerated development and progression of atherosclerosis and cerebral microangiopathy, as well as to an increased risk of both first-ever and recurrent acute CVD. The review highlights the heightened vulnerability of patients with MetS to the adverse effects of air pollutants, which creates a vicious pathogenic cycle clinically manifested by more severe neurological deficits, poorer functional outcomes, accelerated cognitive decline, and reduced effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. It is also noted that existing prognostic scales (e.g., CHA₂DS₂-VASc) and medical–social disability assessment criteria do not account for exposures to environmental factors, thereby limiting their clinical utility and contributing to suboptimal rehabilitation outcomes in patients with CVD and its sequelae. Based on the analyzed data, there is a clear need to develop comprehensive predictive and preventive strategies that encompass not only individualized correction of metabolic disturbances and the implementation of personalized rehabilitation programs, but also large-scale environmental and urban planning interventions aimed at reducing air and noise pollution. In addition, the development of rehabilitation programs oriented to urban environmental conditions is required to reduce the medical, social, and economic burden on healthcare systems in industrial regions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В условиях глобальной урбанизации и роста частоты встречаемости метаболического синдрома (МС) влияние факторов внешней среды промышленных городов на частоту и тяжесть течения цереброваскулярных заболеваний (ЦВЗ) приобретает особую актуальность. Настоящий обзор литературы посвящён анализу взаимодействия между патофизиологическими компонентами МС (инсулинорезистентностью, артериальной гипертензией, дислипидемией, висцеральным ожирением) и факторами окружающей среды промышленных городов. Полученные данные демонстрируют, что эти факторы синергически усугубляют основные механизмы повреждения сосудов, такие как системное воспаление, оксидативный стресс и эндотелиальная дисфункция. Это взаимодействие приводит к ускоренному развитию и прогрессированию атеросклероза, церебральной микроангиопатии, а также к повышению риска как первичных, так и повторных острых ЦВЗ. В обзоре отдельно рассмотрена высокая чувствительность пациентов с МС к негативным эффектам воздействия поллютантов воздуха, которая формирует порочный круг патогенеза, клинически проявляющийся более тяжёлым неврологическим дефицитом, худшими функциональными исходами заболевания, ускоренным когнитивным снижением и ухудшением эффективности реабилитационных программ. Также отмечается, что существующие прогностические шкалы (например, CHA₂DS₂-VASc) и критерии медико-социальной экспертизы не учитывают влияние факторов внешней среды, что ограничивает их клиническую эффективность на практике и ведёт к снижению эффективности реабилитации пациентов с ЦВЗ и их последствиями. На основании анализа можно сделать вывод, что существует необходимость разработки комплексных предиктивно-превентивных стратегий, которые должны включать не только индивидуальную коррекцию метаболических нарушений и внедрение персонализированных программ реабилитации, но и масштабные экологические и градостроительные меры, направленные на снижение уровня загрязнения воздуха и шума, а также создание реабилитационных программ, ориентированных на городскую среду, для снижения медико-социальной и экономической нагрузки на системы здравоохранения в промышленных регионах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>healthcare</kwd><kwd>environmental health</kwd><kwd>urban environment</kwd><kwd>industrial city</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>cerebrovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>air pollution</kwd><kwd>noise pollution</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>экология здоровья</kwd><kwd>городская среда</kwd><kwd>промышленный город</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>цереброваскулярные заболевания</kwd><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>загрязнение воздуха</kwd><kwd>шумовое загрязнение</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nikolaev VA, Nikolaev AA. 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