<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701996</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MSER701996</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JFQTTF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Components of organizational models of comprehensive rehabilitation at the stage of medical and social expert evaluation in patients after cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Компоненты организационных моделей комплексной реабилитации на этапе медико-социальной экспертизы у пациентов после кардиохирургических вмешательств: систематический обзор и метаанализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-3880</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3203-5314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trusov</surname><given-names>Yurii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трусов</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>yu.a.trusov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0100-4002</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochtarkina</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Почтаркина</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pochtalena9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1810-2777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Durieva</surname><given-names>Milana L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дуриева</surname><given-names>Милана Лечаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mduriyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5719-9806</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Genishbieva</surname><given-names>Radima S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генишбиева</surname><given-names>Радима Сайдулаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>genishbiyeva@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5411-621X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afashagova</surname><given-names>Bella Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афашагова</surname><given-names>Бэлла Зауровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bella.afashagova.07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9688-9896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubieva</surname><given-names>Dinara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубиева</surname><given-names>Динара Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dinara2502@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1583-6294</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubieva</surname><given-names>Elmira R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубиева</surname><given-names>Эльмира Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elmira2106@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2331-6953</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ortobaeva</surname><given-names>Liana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ортобаева</surname><given-names>Лиана Асланбековна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ortobaeva09o@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0190-0520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borlakova</surname><given-names>Alina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борлакова</surname><given-names>Алина Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borlakovaalina7@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8559-6121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dukhova</surname><given-names>Albina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Духова</surname><given-names>Альбина Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>duhova.albina6759@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8177-2116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesniak</surname><given-names>Sofia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесняк</surname><given-names>Софья Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sofya.lesnyak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4283-2442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golub</surname><given-names>Polina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голуб</surname><given-names>Полина Максимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gpolinna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Caucasus State Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказская государственная академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-24"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-25"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/701996">https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/701996</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis and synthesis of data on the effectiveness of components of organizational models of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation with the goal of their further integration into the stage of medical and social expert evaluation in patients who have undergone cardiac surgery. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 recommendations. Prior to conducting the review, a structured clinical question (PICOS) was formulated. The search for relevant sources was conducted in electronic bibliographic databases [PubMed, EMBASE (via Wiley Online Library), Science Direct, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY] covering the period 2015–2025. The review included randomized (RCT) and non-randomized controlled studies, as well as observational studies (retrospective and prospective cohort studies). After a multi-step screening process, 20 studies were included in the review, some of which were included in the meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (<italic>n </italic>= 547) demonstrated a significant increase in 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance in groups undergoing comprehensive rehabilitation: the mean difference (MD) was 35.4 m [95% CI 22.1–48.7; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001], and statistical heterogeneity was assessed as moderate (I² = 42%). Analysis of 3 RCTs (<italic>n </italic>= 324) revealed a trend toward reduced risk of rehospitalizations: the pooled odds ratio was 0.65 (95% CI 0.42–1.01; <italic>p </italic>= 0.054). Based on the analysis of 3 RCTs (<italic>n </italic>= 417), no significant improvement in quality of life (according to SF-36/SF-12 questionnaires) was noted: standardized mean difference was −0.17 (95% CI −0.39–0.05; <italic>p </italic>= 0.13). The results confirm the clinical relevance of structured cardiac rehabilitation programs with organizational, personnel, and technological components for improving functional outcomes. To optimize the medical and social expert process, multidisciplinary assessment, standardized instruments (6MWT), and telehealth technologies should be integrated, as this will help overcome the fragmentation of care and increase the objectivity of expert decisions. Limitations include study variability and a lack of data on long-term outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью настоящей работы является качественный и количественный анализ и синтез данных об эффективности компонентов организационных моделей комплексной кардиореабилитации с целью дальнейшей их интеграции в этап проведения медико-социальной экспертизы у пациентов, перенёсших кардиохирургические операции. Проведение систематического обзора и метаанализа было основано на рекомендациях PRISMA-2020. Перед проведением обзора был сформулирован структурированный клинический вопрос (PICOS). Поиск релевантных источников проводился в электронных библиографических базах данных [PubMed, EMBASE (через Wiley Online Library), Science Direct, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY] среди публикаций 2015–2025 гг. В обзор включались рандомизированные (РКИ) и нерандомизированные (нРКИ) контролируемые исследования, а также обсервационные исследования (ретроспективные и проспективные когортные). После многоэтапного отбора в обзор было включено 20 исследований, часть из которых вошли в метаанализ с использованием модели случайных эффектов. Оценка риска смещения проводилась с помощью инструментов Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) и шкалы Newcastle Ottawa (NOS). Метаанализ 7 РКИ (<italic>n</italic>=547) продемонстрировал статистически значимое увеличение дистанции в тесте 6-минутной ходьбы (6MWT) в группах, проходивших комплексную реабилитацию: средняя разность составила 35,4 м [95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 22,1–48,7; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001], а статистическая неоднородность была оценена как умеренная (I²=42%).<bold> </bold>Анализ 3 РКИ (<italic>n</italic>=324) выявил тенденцию к снижению риска повторных госпитализаций: объединённое отношение шансов равнялось 0,65 (95% ДИ 0,42–1,01; <italic>p</italic>=0,054). На основе анализа 3 РКИ (<italic>n</italic>=417) не отмечалось статистически значимого улучшения качества жизни (по опросникам SF-36/SF-12): стандартизованная разность средних составила –0,17 (95% ДИ -0,39–0,05; <italic>p</italic>=0,13). Результаты подтверждают клиническую значимость структурированных программ комплексной кардиореабилитации с организационным, кадровым и технологическим компонентами для улучшения функциональных исходов. Для оптимизации процесса медико-социальной экспертизы рекомендуется интеграция мультидисциплинарной оценки, стандартизированных инструментов (6MWT) и телемедицинских технологий, что позволит преодолеть фрагментарность помощи и повысить объективность экспертных решений. Ограничения включают вариабельность исследований и недостаток данных о долгосрочных исходах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>comprehensive rehabilitation program</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd><kwd>medical and social expert evaluation</kwd><kwd>organizational models</kwd><kwd>meta-analysis</kwd><kwd>6-minute walk test</kwd><kwd>6MWT</kwd><kwd>telehealth technologies</kwd><kwd>multidisciplinary team</kwd><kwd>restoration of ability to work</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комплексная программа реабилитации</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургические операции</kwd><kwd>медико-социальная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>организационные модели</kwd><kwd>метаанализ</kwd><kwd>тест 6-минутной ходьбы</kwd><kwd>6MWT</kwd><kwd>телемедицинские технологии</kwd><kwd>мультидисциплинарная команда</kwd><kwd>восстановление трудоспособности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kourek C, Dimopoulos S. Cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery: An important underutilized treatment strategy. World J Cardiol. 2024;16(2):67–72. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v16.i2.67</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kuzmichkina MA, Serebryakova VN. Rehabilitation of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting from the perspective of work ability recovery. Klin Med (Mosk). 2020;98(4):266–274. doi: 10.30629/0023-2149-2020-98-4-266-274 EDN: YBMTAQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Barbarash OL, Pomeshkina SA, Artamonova GV. Realities and prospects for the development of rehabilitation of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting in Russia. Sib Med Obozr. 2019;(4):5–15. doi: 10.20333/2500136-2019-4-5-15 EDN: MGDSAI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Toft BS, Bekker HL, Rodkjær LØ, Modrau IS. Mapping rehabilitation pathways after cardiac surgery: Identifying key points for patient involvement and gaps in care. PLoS One. 2025;20(12):e0324401. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0324401</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kim YM, Kim BR, Pyun SB, et al. Feasibility and Safety of Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Using Remote Electrocardiogram Monitoring in Patients with Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med. 2025;14(14):4887. doi: 10.3390/jcm14144887</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Krylov VV. Features of rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients: a cardiac surgeon’s view. Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation. 2025;7(4):306–312. doi: 10.36425/rehab690488 EDN: TZXEMF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Bubnova MG, Aronov DM. Cardiac rehabilitation: stages, principles and the international classification of functioning (ICF). Profilak Med. 2020;23(5):40–49. doi: 10.17116/profmed20202305140 EDN: UNQBDG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Sibilitz KL, Tang LH, Berg SK, et al. Long-term effects of cardiac rehabilitation after heart valve surgery-results from the randomised CopenHeartVR trial. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2022;56(1):247–255. doi: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2095432</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang R, Zhu C, Chen S, Tian F, Chen Y. Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients After Heart Valve Surgery: A Systematic Review and Re-Evaluation With Evidence Mapping Study. Clin Cardiol. 2025;48(3):e70117. doi: 10.1002/clc.70117</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>González-Salvado V, Sestayo Fernández M, Alonso-Vázquez M, et al. Implementation of an integrated care pathway for severe aortic stenosis: a prospective cohort study of clinical profiles, safety, and outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1745204. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1745204</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Belov VN, Antonenkov YЕ, Chernov AV. The effectiveness of the inpatient stage of rehabilitation after open-heart surgery with the use of artificial circulation. Vestn Nov Med Tekhnol. 2023;30(2):74–76. doi: 10.24412/1609-2163-2023-2-74-76 EDN: LQWPUB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Wu KA, Kunte S, Rajkumar S, et al. Digital Health for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(17):2411. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11172411</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Downing M, Bull C, Chavis T, et al. Results of a postoperative telemedicine trial after cardiac surgery and incorporation into practice. JTCVS Open. 2023;16:500–506. doi: 10.1016/j.xjon.2023.09.016</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Takroni M, Alfarra N, Akomolafe T. Utilization of Virtual Clinics to Enhance Cardiac Rehabilitation Follow-Up for Post-Open-Heart Surgery Patients: Retrospective Study. Cardio Open. 2025;10(2):01–07.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dalli Peydró E, Sanz Sevilla N, Tuzón Segarra MT, et al. A randomized controlled clinical trial of cardiac telerehabilitation with a prolonged mobile care monitoring strategy after an acute coronary syndrome. Clin Cardiol. 2022;45(1):31–41. doi: 10.1002/clc.23757</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hu Y, Li L, Wang T, et al. Comparison of cardiac rehabilitation (exercise+ education), exercise only, and usual care for patients with coronary artery disease: A non-randomized retrospective analysis. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021;9(1):e00711. doi: 10.1002/prp2.711</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Højskov IE, Moons P, Egerod I, et al. Early physical and psycho-educational rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med. 2018;51(2):136–143. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2499</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Yau DK, Ng FF, Wong MKH, et al. Effect of exercise prehabilitation on quality of recovery after cardiac surgery: a single-centre randomised controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2025;134(1):45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.11.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Bitsch BL, Nielsen CV, Stapelfeldt CM, Lynggaard V. Effect of the patient education — Learning and Coping strategies — in cardiac rehabilitation on return to work at one year: a randomised controlled trial show (LC-REHAB). BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018;18(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0832-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ennis S, Lobley G, Worrall S, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Early Initiation of Poststernotomy Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Training: The SCAR randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(8):817–824. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2022.1651</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Xue W, Xinlan Z, Xiaoyan Z. Effectiveness of early cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart valve surgery: a randomized, controlled trial. J Int Med Res. 2022;50(7):3000605211044320. doi: 10.1177/03000605211044320</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Sibilitz KL, Tang LH, Berg SK, et al. Long-term effects of cardiac rehabilitation after heart valve surgery-results from the randomised CopenHeartVR trial. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2022;56(1):247–255. doi: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2095432</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Kaldal A, Tonstad S, Jortveit J. Long-term hospital-based secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):600. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-02426-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cui Z, Li N, Gao C, et al. Precision implementation of early ambulation in elderly patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):404. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01823-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Højskov IE, Moons P, Hansen NV, et al. SheppHeartCABG trial-comprehensive early rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a protocol for a randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2017;7(1):e013038. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013038</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Feuerstein A, Schoenrath F, Belyavskiy E, et al. Supervised exercise training in patients with advanced heart failure and left ventricular assist device: A multicentre randomized controlled trial (Ex-VAD trial). Eur J Heart Fail. 2023;25(12):2252–2262. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3032</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Girgin Z, Ciğerci Y, Yaman F. The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on respiratory functions, and the quality of life, following coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomised controlled study. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:6811373. doi: 10.1155/2021/6811373</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Dwiputra B, Santoso A, Purwowiyoto BS, Radi B, Ambari AM. The effect of resistance training on PCSK9 levels in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):549. doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03571-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Chong MS, Sit JWH, Choi KC, Suhaimi A, Jiang Y, Chair SY. The Effects of a Technology-Assisted Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation (TecHCR) Program for Adults With Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2025;22(6):e70092. doi: 10.1111/wvn.70092</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Stonkuvienė V, Kubilius R, Lendraitienė E. The Impact of Additional Exercise Interventions on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength of Frail Patients After Open-Heart Surgery: A Randomized Trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(10):1812. doi: 10.3390/medicina61101812</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Asai M, Nishizaki Y, Nojiri S, et al. The impact of cardiac rehabilitation for older adults with heart failure who underwent invasive cardiac treatment eligible for long-term care needs certification: A retrospective cohort study. J Gen Fam Med. 2024;25(1):36–44. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.663</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Butz M, Gerriets T, Sammer G, et al. The impact of postoperative cognitive training on health-related quality of life and cognitive failures in daily living after heart valve surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Brain Behav. 2023;13(3):e2915. doi: 10.1002/brb3.2915</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Butz M, Gerriets T, Sammer G, et al. Twelve-month follow-up effects of cognitive training after heart valve surgery on cognitive functions and health-related quality of life: a randomised clinical trial. Open Heart. 2023;10(2):e002411. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002411</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Eibel B, Marques JR, Dipp T, et al. Ventilatory Muscle Training for Early Cardiac Rehabilitation Improved Functional Capacity and Modulated Vascular Function of Individuals Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):9340. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159340</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
