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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Medical and Social Expert Evaluation and Rehabilitation</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Медико-социальная экспертиза и реабилитация</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1560-9537</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-2092</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">704729</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/MSER704729</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SOSXCX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comprehensive strategies for respiratory and communication rehabilitation in patients with post-laryngectomy syndrome: a review of current rehabilitation programs and medical-social assessment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комплексные стратегии восстановления дыхания и коммуникации у пациентов с постларингэктомическим синдромом: обзор современных программ реабилитации и медико-социальная экспертиза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-0204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">294101</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8742-4109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimov</surname><given-names>Airat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимов</surname><given-names>Айрат Рамирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. med. sci., associate professor; neurologist, forensic medical expert</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент, врач-невролог, врач-судебно-медицинский эксперт</p></bio><email>airat.galim382@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1962-3394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saitova</surname><given-names>Dinara E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саитова</surname><given-names>Динара Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Lady.sai@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7530-5149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kappusheva</surname><given-names>Zaira M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каппушева</surname><given-names>Заира Магометовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Zaira.kappusheva11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1160-6069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaev</surname><given-names>Edgar A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаев</surname><given-names>Эдгар Ануарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>theedgarhd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7636-6094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saidgasanov</surname><given-names>Magomed M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саидгасанов</surname><given-names>Магомед Махмудович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>saidgasanov03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1628-6290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhinskiy</surname><given-names>Klim R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божинский</surname><given-names>Клим Романович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maik-07.01@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5914-946X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshenichnyi</surname><given-names>Vladislav Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничный</surname><given-names>Владислав Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>efimova-01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2913-3892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ramasanova</surname><given-names>Feride I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамазанова</surname><given-names>Феридэ Играмутдиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>faridkaramazanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3703-3031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelenko</surname><given-names>Kamilla Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савеленко</surname><given-names>Камилла Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mamilla.savelenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9618-9935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chotchaev</surname><given-names>Taulan N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чотчаев</surname><given-names>Таулан Науарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>taulanchotchaev3@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0757-7184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzheva</surname><given-names>Liliana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кужева</surname><given-names>Лилиана Аслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>liliana.kuzheva000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5094-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashlaeva</surname><given-names>Irina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашлаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>irina.kashlaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказская государственная академия, Черкесск</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский государственный медицинский университет, Ростов-на-Дону</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Детская городская поликлиника № 1, Ростов-на-Дону</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская городская поликлиника №1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-19"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-15"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-04-16"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/704729">https://rjmseer.com/1560-9537/article/view/704729</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Total laryngectomy is a radical surgical procedure that results in permanent anatomical and physiological changes. It is performed annually on thousands of patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. Its consequences extend far beyond voice loss: postlaryngectomy syndrome encompasses respiratory dysfunction, anosmia, dysphagia, profound psychosocial distress, and persistent disability. Despite the significant expansion of rehabilitation methods in recent decades, a comprehensive assessment of their evidence base in conjunction with the challenges of medical and social assessment has not been conducted in the Russian literature. This review covers publications from 2015–2026 from the PubMed, Scopus, CyberLeninka, and eLIBRARY.ru databases. Modern approaches to respiratory function restoration using heat and moisture exchangers and expiratory muscle training are examined; significant improvements are demonstrated to be achieved within the first two weeks of systematic device use. Three voice rehabilitation methods-tracheoesophageal bypass, esophageal speech, and electrolarynx-are analyzed, assessing their acoustic characteristics, complications, and predictors of success. The colonization of voice prostheses, the role of the oropharyngeal microbiota in its formation, and the prospects for microbiome-focused prevention are discussed separately. The section on olfactory rehabilitation reveals a fundamental paradox: the highly effective and equipment-free NAIM maneuver is practically not integrated into standard patient management protocols. The psychosocial component is viewed not as optional, but as predictive of functional outcomes. The potential of remote rehabilitation formats, as well as the organizational conditions for their implementation in the Russian context, are discussed. We presented a structured understanding of why rehabilitation of a laryngectomized patient cannot be reduced to the choice of a voice replacement method, and a specific justification for how the medical and social examination procedure should be reoriented from recording the anatomical defect to assessing functional recovery using ICF instruments and validated scales.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Тотальная ларингэктомия — радикальное хирургическое вмешательство, приводящее к стойким анатомо-физиологическим изменениям, которое ежегодно выполняется тысячам пациентов с распространёнными формами рака гортани. Её последствия выходят далеко за пределы утраты голоса: постларингэктомический синдром охватывает нарушения дыхательной функции, аносмию, дисфагию, глубокие психосоциальные расстройства и стойкую инвалидизацию. Несмотря на то, что за последние десятилетия арсенал реабилитационных методов существенно расширился, комплексная оценка их доказательной базы в сопряжении с проблемами медико-социальной экспертизы в отечественной литературе не проводилась. Настоящий обзор охватывает публикации 2015–2026 годов из баз данных PubMed, Scopus, КиберЛенинка и eLIBRARY.ru. Рассмотрены современные подходы к восстановлению дыхательной функции с применением тепловлагообменников и тренировки экспираторных мышц; показано, что значимое улучшение достигается уже в первые две недели от начала систематического использования устройств. Проанализированы три метода голосовой реабилитации — трахеопищеводное шунтирование, пищеводная речь и электрогортань — с оценкой их акустических характеристик, осложнений и предикторов успеха. Отдельно рассмотрены вопросы колонизации голосовых протезов, роль орофарингеальной микробиоты в её формировании и перспективы микробиом-ориентированной профилактики. Раздел, посвящённый обонятельной реабилитации, выявляет принципиальный парадокс: высокоэффективный и не требующий оборудования манёвр NAIM практически не интегрирован в стандартные протоколы ведения пациентов. Психосоциальная составляющая рассматривается не как факультативная, а как предиктивная в отношении функциональных исходов. Показаны возможности дистанционных форматов реабилитации, а также организационные условия их применения в российских реалиях. Мы представили структурированное понимание того, почему реабилитация ларингэктомированного пациента не может сводиться к выбору метода голосовой замены, и конкретное обоснование того, как процедура медико-социальной экспертизы должна быть переориентирована от фиксации анатомического дефекта к оценке функционального восстановления, с использованием инструментов Международной классификации функционирования и валидированных шкал.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laryngectomy</kwd><kwd>postlaryngectomy syndrome</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>breathing restoration</kwd><kwd>communication</kwd><kwd>voice prosthesis</kwd><kwd>medical and social examination</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>heat and moisture exchangers</kwd><kwd>sense of smell</kwd><kwd>review.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ларингэктомия</kwd><kwd>постларингэктомический синдром</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>восстановление дыхания</kwd><kwd>коммуникация</kwd><kwd>голосовой протез</kwd><kwd>медико-социальная экспертиза</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>тепловлагообменники</kwd><kwd>обоняние</kwd><kwd>обзор.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Haugen T. 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