Vol 23, No 3 (2026)

In modern Russia, the family is at a difficult stage of its development Family difficulties manifest themselves in the following trends: the spread of cohabitation, the prevalence of families with one child, the increase in the number of divorces, the decrease in the birth rate, and the increase in the proportion of women who give birth after the age of 25. In this regard, the problem of preparing students for family life and knowing their opinions about modern values and readiness to start a family is very relevant. Purpose: To study the opinion of medical university students about marriage, family, and children. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2022 using a voluntary anonymous online questionnaire through a Google form using a random sample method. The sample included 633 students of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Smolensk State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Sociological, analytical, and statistical methods were used. Results and discussion: The study revealed that the majority of medical students surveyed plan to start a family at the age of 25–34; 56.4 % of respondents accept the conclusion of one marriage for life; 69.3 % ‒ believe that marriage is one of the main criteria of the well-being of society; 63.3 % ‒ prefer to start a family on love; 84.8 % ‒ positively react to the large family. Among males: 17.3 % did not see the point in getting married, 85.2 % preferred civil marriage, expressed a negative attitude towards marriage (54.9 %) and the birth of a child (94.4 %) during their studies, and 19.8 % perceived unwanted pregnancy as a reason for abortion. Conclusions: In the value system of medical students, marriage and children occupy a dominant position, but there is a preference for civil marriage and a tendency towards later marriages. The adherence to family traditions and scenarios plays a significant role in shaping the students' marriage strategies. Most students approach pregnancy and childbirth planning responsibly.

The research is aimed at studying previously unknown features of the morphogenesis of the tibia during the formation of regenerate in it after prolonged exposure to tartrazine. Purpose: Assessment of changes in the biomechanical parameters of the tibia at different times of regenerate formation in it after exposure to tartrazine and correction with sodium selenite. Materials and methods: The research was carried out on 90 white male mature rats, which were injected with saline solution or a similar volume of tartrazine at a dose of 750 mg/kg in isolation or in combination with intramuscular administration of sodium selenite for 60 days with a gastric gavage. On day 61, a tibial fracture was simulated by applying a through defect. When handling animals and performing procedures, the provisions of Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council were followed. Bone strength was determined by bending deformation. The obtained data was processed in the licensed computer program JASP. The average value of each parameter and the standard error of the average were calculated. The normality of the data distribution was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk criterion. The statistical significance of the differences between the control and experimental groups was determined using the Mann-Whitney test. The differences between the parameters were considered significant at p < 0,05. Results and discussion: Sixty-day exposure to tartrazine at a dose of 750 mg/kg causes the violation of tibial bone strength during all periods of reparative osteogenesis, with the greatest severity on days 15 and 24. The tensile strength decreased relative to the control by 3,96 % (p = 0,097) and 7,44 % (p = 0,004), the modulus of elasticity – by 6,99 % (p = 0,007) and 5,07 % (p = 0,040), the minimum fracture work – by 5,44 % (p = 0,038) and 6,93 % (p = 0,011). On days 63, 70 and 84 group with administration of sodium selenite showed an increase in the minimum fracture work compared to the group with isolated administration of tartrazine by 6,62 % (p = 0,007), 6,00 % (p = 0,017) and 6,62 % (p = 0,017), the tensile strength was increased on days 75 and 84 by 7,45 (p = 0,007) and 6,18 % (p = 0,007), modulus of elasticity – by 5,56 % (p = 0,038) and 7,75 % (p = 0,004). Conclusion: Sixty-day exposure to tartrazine at a dose of 750 mg/kg causes the violation of the strength of the tibia during the course of various phases of reparative osteogenesis in it. Under these conditions, the use of sodium selenite reduce the severity of changes in organ strength.

The study aimed to experimentally validate the accuracy of a model with architecture of artificial neural network of deep learning (ANNDL) based on convolutions of multiple energy docking spectra. This model is constructed for the direct search for anxiolytic compounds taking into account the complex relationships between biological targets. In addition, we created a ANNDL model to predict ophthalmotoxicity based on a set of physicochemical characteristics of molecules. The proposed ANNDL architecture was used to model two different types of biological activity of chemical compounds: pharmacological anxiolytic and toxicological ophthalmotoxic. This demonstrates the versatility of this methodology and its applicability to various preclinical drug trials. Purpose: The aim of the study was to validate a model for predicting anxiolytic activity based on a multitarget ANNDL and to construct a ANNDL for predicting ophthalmotoxicity using physicochemical characteristics. Materials and methods: We used multiple molecular docking data to construct a model of anxiolytic activity. Neural networks were trained using the PyTorch library. Eighteen adamantane derivatives were selected for experimental validation in the Open Field test on white outbred male mice. Additionally, an ophthalmotoxicity model was developed using PyTorch, utilizing 15 physicochemical descriptors with a similar neural network architecture. Results and discussion: Based on the computer prediction, four of the 18 compounds were classified as possessing pronounced anxiolytic activity. Experimental studies confirm the in silico data: three of the four predicted active compounds demonstrated statistically significant differences in parameters associated with anxiety-like behavior compared to the control group, while the predicted inactive compounds showed no significant effects. The agreement between the in silico and in vivo results demonstrates the high predictive power of the model and the effectiveness of accounting for multitarget interactions. The ophthalmotoxicity prediction model demonstrated a relatively high accuracy rate in automated testing and will be further tested in predicting the activity of chemical compounds, followed by experimental verification. Conclusion: The developed ANNDL model based on correlation convolutions of multiple docking energy spectra provides an accurate prediction of the anxiolytic activity of chemical compounds, as confirmed experimentally. The neural network architecture used is shown to be versatile and can be applied both to molecular docking data analysis and to processing physicochemical parameters. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of using ANNDL technology, including convolutional networks, to optimize the early stages of drug discovery.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms, which are among the top ten in the structure of oncological pathology in many countries of the world. The increasing incidence of bladder cancer in the Russian Federation determines the need to use all the most effective medical technologies to reduce this socio-economic burden. A feature of the disease is the steadily recurrent nature of the course. Intravesical BCG therapy is one of the tools capable of controlling the frequency and timing of disease return. This area of antitumor pharmacotherapy becomes possible with the provision of the necessary equipment, compliance with the conditions for intravesical instillation with BCG vaccine, staff training, strict selection and preparation of patients. Purpose: Analysis of the experience in implementing intravesical BCG therapy in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer at a regional oncology clinic. Materials and methods: The study is based on an appeal to the regulations governing the procedure for BCG therapy in a regional oncological dispensary, in comparison with the current Clinical recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Health for the treatment of bladder cancer and the experience of other medical organizations. In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 57525-2017, a prospective clinical and economic follow-up was conducted with an analysis of the "cost of the disease" at the stage of intravesical BCG therapy. Results and discussion: The study reflects in detail the qualitative changes in the provision of medical care to patients with bladder cancer as a result of the introduction of intravesical immunotherapy. The clinical effectiveness of the organized line of activity is justified due to numerous scientific data confirming its effectiveness. According to the economic efficiency analysis, the financial feasibility of BCG therapy, in particular with the use of a domestically produced vaccine, is obvious. The results of the analysis are confirmed by the published research experience of specialists in the field of oncourology. Conclusion: The introduction of intravesical BCG therapy significantly improves the quality of specialized medical care for patients with bladder cancer, is clinically effective and economically justified. A valuable aspect of the organization of this area of medical care is the absence of the need for significant financial investments in the current activities of the institution. The practical application of the BCG vaccine in the care of oncourological patients complies with the Clinical recommendations of the Russian Ministry of Health and modern international standards for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Ultrasound therapy demonstrates significant potential in the treatment of combat injuries due to the possibility of modulating various phases of the wound process. Instrumental ultrasound surgery mainly uses the frequency range from 20 to 100 kHz. In the range of 20–50 kHz, ultrasound induces a cavitation effect that provides mechanical cleaning of the wound surface. The management of the exudative phase is of particular relevance. Low-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound wound therapy, despite the existing theoretical prerequisites for its effectiveness, remains a poorly understood and insufficiently implemented approach in clinical practice. Purpose: Assess the effectiveness of low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound therapy in the complex treatment of complicated firearm wounds based on the first experience of use. Materials and methods: A PROXON ultrasonic device with an end emitter with an operating frequency of 45–60 kHz and an intensity of 20 w/cm² was used. The method of low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound therapy was used in the treatment of 16 patients, in all cases the expected duration of treatment was reduced. The effect of ultrasound has been demonstrated in three clinical cases. Results and discussion: The use of high-intensity low-frequency ultrasound therapy made sense during the exudative phase of the wound process, as it contributed to the rapid rejection of necrotic tissues within a few days. This approach (in the presented clinical cases) made it possible to control the phase of the wound process and reduce its expected duration in patients. In addition, the use of ultrasound accelerated the increase in granulation volume, which was of particular importance in the treatment of stump fistula. Further research is possible in the direction of optimizing exposure modes (frequency, intensity, duration, number of sessions) for different types of wounds. Conclusion. High-intensity low-frequency ultrasound therapy has a pronounced effect on wounds in the exudative phase. The method is promising in the treatment of amputation stump complications (fistulas and flap necrosis), as well as in the preparation of an open stump wound. The presented clinical results provide grounds for a wider introduction of the method of high-intensity low-frequency ultrasound therapy into the practice of military field surgery and further research to optimize the parameters of ultrasound exposure.

In the context of the transformation of secondary vocational education, issues of maintaining the health of adolescents and the compliance of the functional state of the body with the requirements of the profession being mastered are becoming relevant. Purpose: Hygienic assessment of practice-oriented education for students in technical specialties at a college. Materials and methods: Methods: The conditions and training regimen were examined for compliance with the requirements of sanitary rules and norms 2.4.3648-20, 1.2.3685-21. Health status was examined by the 026/u-2000 and 030-PO/u, definition of the typology of profession based on the subject of work by the Klimov`s questionnaire. Statistical data processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 (SPSS, v. 27). Results and discussion: It was determine that the severity of educational training didn`t meet standards by the «working posture» indicator. Significant intensity equal to harmful working condition which can lead to functional deviations was found. A Predominance of students with III health group and severity of diseases of musculoskeletal system (11,1 %) and eye diseases (15,2 %) was noted. The processes of professional self-determination were completed in 22.2 % of cases and only 38.8 % of students belonged to the professional type "man-technology", which corresponded to the profile of training. Conclusion: The harmfulness of professional education by the indicators of the labor severity and intensity were proven. Students who are at risk of worsening existing pathology while undergoing training under the given conditions and working activity taking into account the specialty have been identify. The integrated assessment of the factors meaning for the safety forecast educational professional environment and formation of preventive measures was recommended.