Forms of occurrence metals and metalloids in products of the Mutnovsky volcano gas-hydrothermal activity

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Abstract

On the basis of concentrate analysis of the Mutnovsky volcano thermal sites substance, new data of the ore elements forms of occurrence were obtained. In the course of large-scale hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks, with the participation of magmatic fluids and meteoric waters, metals and metalloids are transported to the surface, which are concentrated in the form of the main or impurity components of new-forming minerals. Sulfides of copper, zinc, mercury, silver and barium sulfate are confidently diagnosed, in which, in addition to mineral-forming Zn, Cu, Hg, Ag and Ba, admixtures of Mn, Cd, Sr, I, Cl, Te, Pb are present. Micron-sized phases were found containing Ru, Os and Ir (laurite), Pb (galena) as the main components, as well as intermetallic compounds (Fe–Ni), (Fe–Ir–Os), (Pb–Bi), (Bi–Te) and native Au. Most of the new-forming mineral individuals are associated with a mineral of the pyrite-marcasite group, which contains admixtures of As, Cu, Ni, and Co. Platinoids Os, Ir, Ru among the new-forming minerals within the East Kamchatka volcanic belt were discovered for the first time.

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About the authors

A. Ya. Shevko

V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: sp@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

M. P. Gora

V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sp@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

E. P. Shevko

V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sp@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

S. B. Bortnikova

A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum-Gas Geology and Geophysics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sp@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

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2. Fig. 1. View of the upper part of the VLK. Mutnovsky is moving away from the ridge. In the inset: 1 – horizontal lines; 2 – crater boundaries and rocky ledges; 3 – elevation marks; 4 – places where the mud boiler substance is tested.

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3. Fig. 2. Inclusions in pyrite crystals and their accretions. In parentheses next to the name of the minerals are the numbers of their analyses from Table 1. Py – pyrite, Ccp – chalcopyrite, Cbn – cubanite, Pyh – pyrrhotite, Sp – sphalerite, Cv – covellin, Brt – barite, Qz – quartz. Images in backscattered electrons.

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4. Fig. 3. Grains in the voids of spherulite and cryptocrystalline pyrite aggregates. In parentheses, next to the designation of silver minerals, the numbers of their analyses from the table are given. 2. The calculated compositions of minerals, here and further, are given in formula units. Aca – acanthite; Cag – chlorargyrite; Lrt – laurite. Images in backscattered electrons.

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5. Fig. 4. Grains on the surface of pyrite crystals. Gn is galena. Images in backscattered electrons.

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6. Fig. 5. Independent grains of black concentrate. Cin is cinnabar, Auo is native gold. Images in backscattered electrons.

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