Phytocenotic diversity of different types of mires in northern part of the Middle-Russian Upland

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Abstract

On Middle-Russian Upland, despite its low paludification, mires are formed on different elements of the relief, differ in their water-mineral regime and vegetation structure. Horizontal structure of the vegetation cover of mire ecosystems, as well as their cenotic diversity, remain poorly studied. However, these features are important for the typology of mires and can also be used in the organization of monitoring of mire ecosystems. The main purpose of this study is to identify the features of the horizontal structure of vegetation and to visualize the phytocenotic diversity of different types of mires using the cartographic method. The objects were 14 model mires located on different relief elements in the northern part of the Middle-Russian Upland.

The conducted studies have revealed the cenotic diversity of the most common and specific types of mires in the northern part of the Middle-Russian Upland. Geobotanical maps were compiled for each mire. The maps of the model mires show 31 mapped units at the rank of association (29), formation (1) and unranked community (1). The identified syntaxons belong to woody, woody-moss, shrubby, hydrophilic-grass and hydrophilic-moss types of mire vegetation, which accounts for 63% of the cenotic diversity of the mires of the Middle-Russian Upland. The vegetation structure is often heterogeneous and heterotrophic, combining both eutrophic and meso- and oligotrophic communities, less often it is homogeneous.

The watershed mires in karst-suffusion depressions are characterized by the largest number of distinguished taxa of vegetation and a complex horizontal structure of vegetation. The vegetation of mires formed in suffusion depressions on terraces and slopes of watersheds overlain by sandstone and moraine deposits is less diverse. Among these mires, pine-sphagnum ones are unique to the region because they are located at the southern limit of their distribution. Such mires are characterized by a homogeneous oligotrophic or heterogeneous homotrophic oligotrophic vegetation structure.

The floodplain and ravine mires are represented only by an eutrophic group of types. Often the vegetation structure of such mires is homogeneous eutrophic, heterogeneity is ensured by changing the moisture regime or is a result of anthropogenic impact.

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About the authors

D. V. Zatsarinnya

Tula State University; Tula Museum Association (Tula Regional Museum of Local Lore)

Author for correspondence.
Email: visloguzova@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Lenin Ave., 92, Tula, 300012; Sovetskaya Str., 68, Tula, 300000

E. M. Volkova

Tula State University

Email: convallaria@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Lenin Ave., 92, Tula, 300012

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of research area. Symbols: 1 – rivers; 2 – border of the Middle Russian Upland; 3 – borders of administrative regions; 4 – watershed mires; 5 – terraced mires; 6 – floodplain mires; 7 – numbers of model mires (see the text).

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3. Fig. 2. Vegetation maps of watershed mires in karst-suffusion depressions, eutrophic group of types.

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4. Fig. 3. Vegetation maps of watershed mires in karst-suffusion depressions, oligotrophic group of types.

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5. Fig. 4. Vegetation maps of mires formed in suffusion depressions on terraces and slopes of watersheds overlain by sandstone and moraine deposits.

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6. Fig. 5. Vegetation maps of floodplain and ravine mires.

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