Age stages and state of coenopopulations of Anemonoides sylvestris (Ranunculaceae) in steppe meadows (Bryansk Region)

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Abstract

The particular ontogeny of Anemonoides sylvestris was studied in the territory of the Melovitskiye Slopes Natural Monument (south-east of the Bryansk Region). 8 ontogenetic stages (juvenile, immature, virginile, young reproductive, mature reproductive, old reproductive, subsenile, senile) were distinguished in the development of root sprouts. The state of A. sylvestris coenopopulations was estimated in polydominant steppe meadows and steppe meadows with single generative trees. The ontogenetic spectra of A. sylvestris belong to left-hand type. The turnover of generations in the A. sylvestris populations can take place only when this ontogenetic structure is maintained. For both types of communities, minimum area and minimum number of the individuals for successful turnover have been identified. 150–180 individuals are needed to maintain the coenopopulations of A. sylvestris vegetatively. This number may be achieved on a smaller area with greater illuminance of the habitat.

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About the authors

E. V. Ruchinskaya

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: Ruchinskaya@cepl.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Bldg. 14, 84/32, Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997

A. V. Gornov

Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: Ruchinskaya@cepl.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Bldg. 14, 84/32, Profsoyuznaya St., Moscow, 117997

N. S. Barabanshchikova

Moscow Pedagogical State University

Email: Ruchinskaya@cepl.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, 6, Kibalchich St., Moscow, 129164

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of particular ontogenesis of Anemonoides sylvestris. Ontogenetic stages: j – juvenile, im – immature, v – virginile, g1 – young reproductive, g2 – mature reproductive, g3 – old reproductive, ss – subsenile, s – senile. 1 – adventitious bud; 2 – root of mother plant; 3 – cataphyll; 4 – green leaf; 5 – renewal bud; 6 – lateral bud; 7 – flower; 8 – dead generative stem; 9 – leaves of stem; 10 – additional root; 11 – line of annual growth. Dead parts of plants are indicated by dotted line. Soil surface is indicated by dash-dotted line. Order of branching is indicated by Roman numerals.

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3. Fig. 2. Development of Anemonoides sylvestris plants of vegetative origin in pre-reproductive period: a – adventitious bud on the root of mother plant, b – juvenile individuals developed from adventitious buds of different depth, c – immature individual, D – virginile individual. 1 – adventitious bud; 2 – root of mother plant; 3a – leaf of juvenile type; 3b – leaf of semi-adult type; 3c – leaf of adult type; 4 – rhizome annual growth of current year; 5 – cataphyll; 6 – annual growth of past year; 7 – developing green leaf. Soil level and missing parts of plants are indicated by dotted lines.

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4. Fig. 3. Shape of Anemonoides sylvestris leaves: 1–3 – leaves of juvenile type, 4–6 – leaves of semi-adult type, 7–8 – leaves of adult type.

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5. Fig. 4. Development of Anemonoides sylvestris individuals of vegetative origin in reproductive period: a – young reproductive individual, b – mature reproductive individual, c – scheme of regeneration shoot development in reproductive individual, d – old reproductive individual. 1 – leaf of reproductive shoot; 2 – leaf of adult type; 3 – root of mother plant; 4 – rosette shoot of reproduction; 5 – dead generative stem; 6 – dead part of rhizome; 7 – leaf of rosette shoot of reproduction; 8 – leaf of semirosette vegetative and generative shoot; 9 – renewal bud. Soil level and missing parts of plants are indicated by dotted lines.

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6. Fig. 5. The distribution of Anemonoides sylvestris seeds according to the distance of wind dispersion at different wind speed: a – calm, b – 0.3 m/s with gusts to 3m/s, c – 0.7 m/s with gusts to 5 m/s. X-axis – range of seed dispersion, m, Y-axis – percentage of the total number of seeds.

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7. Fig. 6. Anemonoides sylvestris plants of vegetative origin in post-reproductive period: a – subsenile, b – senile. 1a – leaf of semi-adult type; 1b – leaf of juvenile type; 2 – rhizome annual growth of current year; 3 – renewal bud; 4 – dead generative stem; 5 – dead part of rhizome. Soil level is indicated by dotted line.

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8. Fig. 7. Ontogenetic spectra of Anemonoides sylvestris coenopopulations in different variants of plant communities. Ontogenetic stages are indicated on the X-axis, and the percentage of the total number of individuals on the Y-axis. Communities: 1 – polydominant steppe meadows, 2 – steppe meadow sites under single generative trees. Ontogenetic stages: j – juvenile, im – immature, v – virginile, g1 – young reproductive, g2 – mature reproductive, g3 – old reproductive, ss – subsenile, s – senile.

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