A New Genus for the Sarmatian (Uppermost middle miocene) mackerels (Scombridae) from the North Caucasus

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Abstract

V.V. Bogachev (1933) described the scombrid fish Auxis caucasica based on the incomplete skeleton from the Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) of the North Caucasus (Stavropol Region). Subsequently, this species was assigned to the mackerel genus Scomber. New findings in the Sarmatian of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Region, Pshekha River) revealed a serious reduction in the number of vertebrae in S. caucasicus (Bogatshov) (up to 28), which is extremely unusual for Scombridae with at least 31 vertebrae. A new genus Mioscomber is established to accommodate the Sarmatian species of scombrids. The scombrids from the Sarmatian of the former Yugoslavia, originally described as Auxis vrabcensis Kramberger, 1882, A. thynnoides Kramberger, 1882 and Scomber sujedanus Steindachner, 1860, are assigned to the same genus – these also have a reduction in the number of vertebrae. The generic character of Mioscomber gen. nov. assumes correction of the diagnosis of the family Scombridae, from “Vertebrae 31–66” to “Vertebrae 28–66”.

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About the authors

A. F. Bannikov

Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: aban@paleo.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117647

I. G. Erebakan

Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: erebakan.ivan@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117647

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2. Fig. 1. Mioscomber caucasicus (Bogatshov, 1933): a – ex. PIN, No. 5073/143, full skeleton, coated with glycerin for better contrast; b – ex. PIN, No. 5073/144, almost complete skeleton; in – ex. PIN, No. 5073/145, incomplete skeleton; Krasnodar Territory, Absheron district, Pshekha river below hut. Tsurevsky; upper Middle Miocene, Lower Sarmatian. The scale ruler is 1 cm (Fig. a, c), 2 cm (FIG. b).

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3. Fig. 2. Mioscomber caucasicus (Bogatshov, 1933), incomplete skeletons: a – ex. PIN, No. 5073/146; b – copy. PIN, No. 5073/147; in – copies. PIN, No. 5073/148; Krasnodar Territory, Absheron district, Pshekha river, 1 km below hut. Tsurevsky; upper Middle Miocene, Lower Sarmatian. The scale ruler is 3 cm.

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4. Fig. 3. Mioscomber caucasicus (Bogatshov, 1933), ex. PIN, No. 5073/149, the front part of the skeleton; Krasnodar Territory, Absheron district, Pshekha river, 1 km below hut. Tsurevsky; upper Middle Miocene, Lower Sarmatian. Designations: an – angulo-articulare, cl – cleithrum, d – dentale, fr – frontale, lac – lacrimale, mtp – metapterygoideum, op – operculum, pmx – praemaxillare, pop – praeoperculum; qu – quadratum. The scale ruler is 2 cm.

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