Роль и место отраслевой науки в системе научной деятельности

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Аннотация

В данной статье рассмотрена история становления и функционирования отечественной отраслевой науки. Проанализировано ее место среди других форм науки (фундаментальной, вузовской, заводской) на разных исторических этапах ее развития (рассмотрены предпосылки для начала ее развития во времена Российской империи, выделение отраслевой науки в самостоятельный научный сегмент и его трансформация под влиянием экономических преобразований в советский период, ее реформирование в перестроечные годы (вторая половина 1980-х гг.) и трансформация в постсоветское время). Дано определение отраслевой науки с учетом ее ведомственной подчиненности и специфики научно-исследовательской деятельности. Отмечена направленность отраслевой науки на решение прикладных задач с учетом адаптации и внедрения передовых достижений фундаментальной науки в производство в соответствии с условиями и особенностями функционирования конкретной отрасли или предприятия. Указано на то, что успешность решения отраслевой наукой стоящих перед нею задач зависит от всех сегментов науки. Проанализировано положение научно-исследовательских институтов в настоящее время и уточнена их роль в формировании потенциала отраслевой науки. Кроме того, в статье предпринята попытка оценить современную отраслевую науку как особый социокультурный феномен и проанализировать причины ее кризисного состояния, носящего комплексный характер.

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Наталья Анатольевна Валек

Российский научно-исследовательский институт комплексного использования и охраны водных ресурсов

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: natfil22@mail.ru
Россия, ул. Мира, 23, Екатеринбург, 620078

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