Inhibitory interneuronal spinal cord network: organization and control of human voluntary movement and locomotion

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Abstract

Any locomotor or arbitrary movement is basically the result of the convergence of simultaneous descending and ascending commands into the motor centers of the spinal cord. An important link in the processing of incoming signals are the so-called «segmental interneurons» or «local interneurons», whose high concentration at the spinal level forms an inhibition interneuronal network. The role of this interneuronal network is to filter signals from muscle spindles, tendons, joints, skin, as well as signals coming from the higher parts of the central nervous system. In the presented review, based on the experimental data obtained so far, special attention is paid to the population of interneurons that are part of reflex arcs and their role in the implementation of inhibitory processes at the motor and premotoneuronal levels of neuroaxis, as well as the participation of the inhibition interneuronal network in the formation of motor output parameters. The role of supraspinal and suprasegmental mechanisms of neuromodulation of inhibitory interneuronal networks of the spinal cord in providing motor control is revealed.

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About the authors

D. A. Gladchenko

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports»

Author for correspondence.
Email: gladchenko84@outlook.com
Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki, 182105

A. A. Chelnokov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports»

Email: and-chelnokov@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki, 182105

S. M. Bogdanov

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports»

Email: turbon10@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Velikiye Luki, 182105

L. V. Roshchina

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Velikiye Luki State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports»

Email: ljudaroschina@yandex.ru
Russian Federation

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the main inhibitory interneuronal networks of the spinal cord, including disynaptic reciprocal inhibition, reciprocal inhibition, non-reciprocal inhibition and presynaptic inhibition. Explanations: Ia and Ib – afferent fibers of group I; α – efferent fiber of motor neuron; MN – α-motor neurons of extensor and flexor muscles; IN PAD – inhibitory interneurons Ia of primary afferent depolarization (in yellow); IN Ib – inhibitory interneurons Ib (in green); IN Ia – interneurons of reciprocal inhibition (in yellow); CR – Renshaw cells of reciprocal inhibition (in red); Pre- M1 – premotor area of ​​the cerebral cortex; M1 – primary motor cortex.

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