Содержание подповерхностного водяного льда в кратере Кабео по данным измерений прибора LEND на борту орбитальной миссии NASA LRO

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Abstract

В статье представлены результаты анализа данных российского нейтронного спектрометра LEND (Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector), установленного на борту лунного орбитального аппарата NASA LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter). Получена оценка содержания подповерхностного водяного льда в вечно затененной области Кабео-1, расположенной внутри большого кратера Кабео в окрестности южного полюса Луны. В анализе были использованы наблюдения, выполненные с прибором LEND за период с 2009 по 2023 гг. Показано, что нейтронное альбедо поверхности в окрестности и внутри Кабео-1 коррелирует с высотой рельефа и распределением среднегодовых температур. Среднее содержание подповерхностного водяного льда по всей области Кабео-1 было оценено как 0.49±0.05% по массовой доле. Максимальное значение около 0.7% наблюдается на самом дне кратера на участке поверхности, где зафиксирована минимальная среднегодовая температура. Этот участок совпадает с местом проведения ударного эксперимента LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite), в рамках которого было подтверждено значительное количество водяного льда в приповерхностном веществе Луны.

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М. Л. Литвак

Институт космических исследований РАН

Author for correspondence.
Email: litvak@mx.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

И. Г. Митрофанов

Институт космических исследований РАН

Email: litvak@mx.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

А. Б. Санин

Институт космических исследований РАН

Email: litvak@mx.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

М. В. Дьячкова

Институт космических исследований РАН

Email: litvak@mx.iki.rssi.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Distribution of the lunar neutron count rate measured by the LEND instrument in the vicinity of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 (solid line) and beyond it in the same latitude belt where the region of Cabeo-1 lies (dashed line).

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3. Fig. 2. Map of the lunar neutron count rate measured by the LEND instrument in the vicinity of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1. The white dotted line shows the profile of the cross-section of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 passing through the LCROSS impact site, which is shown as a red circle.

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4. Fig. 3. Surface relief map constructed using LOLA data in the vicinity of the Cabeo-1 permanently shadowed region (Smith et al., 2017). The white dotted line shows the profile of the section of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 passing through the LCROSS impact site, which is shown as a red circle.

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5. Fig. 4. Map of average annual temperatures based on Diviner data in the vicinity of the Cabeo-1 permanently shadowed region (Paige et al., 2010). The white dotted line shows the profile of the cross-section of the Cabeo-1 permanently shadowed region passing through the LCROSS impact site, which is shown as a red circle.

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6. Fig. 5. Profiles of the lunar neutron count rate (upper graph), relief height (middle graph), and average annual temperature (lower graph) along a cross-section of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 (see maps presented in Figs. 2–4), passing through the impact site of the Centaur upper stage in the LCROSS experiment (marked with a black asterisk). The boundaries of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 are shown by dotted lines.

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7. Fig. 6. Correlation between relief height and surface neutron albedo in the vicinity of and within the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1.

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8. Fig. 7. Correlation between annual mean temperature and surface neutron albedo in the vicinity of and within the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1.

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9. Fig. 8. Normalized (to the mean) profiles of lunar neutron count rates measured by LEND (thick black curve) and LPNS (thin black curve, data taken from (Lawrence et al., 2022)) along a cross-section of the permanently shadowed region of Cabeo-1 passing through the impact site of the Centaur upper stage in the LCROSS experiment (marked with a black asterisk). The boundaries of the Cabeo-1 region are shown as dashed lines.

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