Resumo
After the decisions of the 20th CPC Congress, support for the private sector of the economy as a whole, as well as micro, small, medium and individual enterprises in particular, deepening the institutional reform in entrepreneurship are becoming the most important factors in promoting Chinese modernization and ensuring quality development.The article assesses the contribution of the private and individual sectors to the socio-economic and innovative development of China. Specific documents and measures of regulatory and economic support and stimulation of private business, including in R&D, improving the innovation and qualification level of small and medium-sized enterprises, creating a favorable political, financial and competitive environment for enterprises of all forms of ownership, are considered. Special attention is given to the plan for carrying out party-state institutional reforms in order to strengthen party and government leadership in science and innovation in accordance with the requirements of high-quality development and modernization of the economy in the “new era”.