Cardiac Organoids: A 3D Technology for Disease Modeling and Drug Screening
- Authors: Zhu Y.1, Yang S.1, Zhang T.1, Ge Y.1, Wan X.1, Liang G.1
-
Affiliations:
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
- Issue: Vol 31, No 31 (2024)
- Pages: 4987-5003
- Section: Anti-Infectives and Infectious Diseases
- URL: https://rjmseer.com/0929-8673/article/view/645238
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867331666230727104911
- ID: 645238
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
:Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, there is increasing attention to developing physiological-related in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for personalized healthcare and preclinical test. Recently, more complex and powerful in vitro models have emerged for cardiac research. Human cardiac organoids (HCOs) are three-dimensional (3D) cellular constructs similar to in vivo organs. They are derived from pluripotent stem cells and can replicate the structure, function, and biogenetic information of primitive tissues. High-fidelity HCOs are closer to natural human myocardial tissue than animal and cell models to some extent, which helps to study better the development process of the heart and the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we introduce the methods for constructing HCOs and the application of them, especially in cardiovascular disease modeling and cardiac drug screening. In addition, we propose the prospects and limitations of HCOs. In summary, we have introduced the research progress of HCOs and described their innovation and practicality of them in the biomedical field.
Keywords
About the authors
Yuxin Zhu
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Sheng Yang
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Tianyi Zhang
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Yiling Ge
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Xin Wan
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Geyu Liang
Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University
Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net
References
- Lancaster, M.A.; Knoblich, J.A. Organogenesis in a dish: Modeling development and disease using organoid technologies. Science, 2014, 345(6194), 1247125. doi: 10.1126/science.1247125 PMID: 25035496
- Smith, E.; Cochrane, W.J. Cystic organoid teratoma: (Report of a Case). Can. Med. Assoc. J., 1946, 55(2), 151-152.
- Sato, T.; Vries, R.G.; Snippert, H.J.; van de Wetering, M.; Barker, N.; Stange, D.E.; van Es, J.H.; Abo, A.; Kujala, P.; Peters, P.J.; Clevers, H. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature, 2009, 459(7244), 262-265. doi: 10.1038/nature07935 PMID: 19329995
- Velasco, S.; Kedaigle, A.J.; Simmons, S.K.; Nash, A.; Rocha, M.; Quadrato, G.; Paulsen, B.; Nguyen, L.; Adiconis, X.; Regev, A.; Levin, J.Z.; Arlotta, P. Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex. Nature, 2019, 570(7762), 523-527. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1289-x PMID: 31168097
- Kanton, S.; Boyle, M.J.; He, Z.; Santel, M.; Weigert, A.; Sanchís-Calleja, F.; Guijarro, P.; Sidow, L.; Fleck, J.S.; Han, D.; Qian, Z.; Heide, M.; Huttner, W.B.; Khaitovich, P.; Pääbo, S.; Treutlein, B.; Camp, J.G. Organoid single- cell genomic atlas uncovers human-specific features of brain development. Nature, 2019, 574(7778), 418-422. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1654-9 PMID: 31619793
- Nakano, T.; Ando, S.; Takata, N.; Kawada, M.; Muguruma, K.; Sekiguchi, K.; Saito, K.; Yonemura, S.; Eiraku, M.; Sasai, Y. Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs. Cell Stem Cell, 2012, 10(6), 771-785. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.009 PMID: 22704518
- Sugimoto, S.; Kobayashi, E.; Fujii, M.; Ohta, Y.; Arai, K.; Matano, M.; Ishikawa, K.; Miyamoto, K.; Toshimitsu, K.; Takahashi, S.; Nanki, K.; Hakamata, Y.; Kanai, T.; Sato, T. An organoid-based organ-repurposing approach to treat short bowel syndrome. Nature, 2021, 592(7852), 99-104. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03247-2 PMID: 33627870
- Nikolaev, M.; Mitrofanova, O.; Broguiere, N.; Geraldo, S.; Dutta, D.; Tabata, Y.; Elci, B.; Brandenberg, N.; Kolotuev, I.; Gjorevski, N.; Clevers, H.; Lutolf, M.P. Homeostatic mini-intestines through scaffold-guided organoid morphogenesis. Nature, 2020, 585(7826), 574-578. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2724-8 PMID: 32939089
- Seidlitz, T.; Merker, S.R.; Rothe, A.; Zakrzewski, F.; von Neubeck, C.; Grützmann, K.; Sommer, U.; Schweitzer, C.; Schölch, S.; Uhlemann, H.; Gaebler, A.M.; Werner, K.; Krause, M.; Baretton, G.B.; Welsch, T.; Koo, B.K.; Aust, D.E.; Klink, B.; Weitz, J.; Stange, D.E. Human gastric cancer modelling using organoids. Gut, 2019, 68(2), 207-217. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314549 PMID: 29703791
- Czerniecki, S.M.; Cruz, N.M.; Harder, J.L.; Menon, R.; Annis, J.; Otto, E.A.; Gulieva, R.E.; Islas, L.V.; Kim, Y.K.; Tran, L.M.; Martins, T.J.; Pippin, J.W.; Fu, H.; Kretzler, M.; Shankland, S.J.; Himmelfarb, J.; Moon, R.T.; Paragas, N.; Freedman, B.S. High-throughput screening enhances kidney organoid differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells and enables automated multidimensional phenotyping. Cell. Stem. Cell., 2018, 22(6), 929-940.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.022 PMID: 29779890
- Hu, H.; Gehart, H.; Artegiani, B.; LÖpez-Iglesias, C.; Dekkers, F.; Basak, O.; van Es, J.; Chuva de, S.L.S.M.; Begthel, H.; Korving, J.; van den Born, M.; Zou, C.; Quirk, C.; Chiriboga, L.; Rice, C.M.; Ma, S.; Rios, A.; Peters, P.J.; de Jong, Y.P.; Clevers, H. Long-term expansion of functional mouse and human hepatocytes as 3D organoids. Cell, 2018, 175(6), 1591-1606.e1519.
- Peng, W.C.; Logan, C.Y.; Fish, M.; Anbarchian, T.; Aguisanda, F.; Álvarez-Varela, A.; Wu, P.; Jin, Y.; Zhu, J.; Li, B.; Grompe, M.; Wang, B.; Nusse, R. Inflammatory cytokine tnfα promotes the long-term expansion of primary hepatocytes in 3D culture. Cell, 2018, 175(6), 1607-1619.e1615.
- Sachs, N.; Papaspyropoulos, A.; Zomer-van Ommen, D.D.; Heo, I.; Böttinger, L.; Klay, D.; Weeber, F.; Huelsz-Prince, G.; Iakobachvili, N.; Amatngalim, G.D.; de Ligt, J.; van Hoeck, A.; Proost, N.; Viveen, M.C.; Lyubimova, A.; Teeven, L.; Derakhshan, S.; Korving, J.; Begthel, H.; Dekkers, J.F.; Kumawat, K.; Ramos, E.; van Oosterhout, M.F.M.; Offerhaus, G.J.; Wiener, D.J.; Olimpio, E.P.; Dijkstra, K.K.; Smit, E.F.; van der Linden, M.; Jaksani, S.; van de Ven, M.; Jonkers, J.; Rios, A.C.; Voest, E.E.; van Moorsel, C.H.M.; van der Ent, C.K.; Cuppen, E.; van Oudenaarden, A.; Coenjaerts, F.E.; Meyaard, L.; Bont, L.J.; Peters, P.J.; Tans, S.J.; van Zon, J.S.; Boj, S.F.; Vries, R.G.; Beekman, J.M.; Clevers, H. Long-term expanding human airway organoids for disease modeling. EMBO J., 2019, 38(4), e100300. doi: 10.15252/embj.2018100300 PMID: 30643021
- Mithal, A.; Capilla, A.; Heinze, D.; Berical, A.; Villacorta- Martin, C.; Vedaie, M.; Jacob, A.; Abo, K.; Szymaniak, A.; Peasley, M.; Stuffer, A.; Mahoney, J.; Kotton, D.N.; Hawkins, F.; Mostoslavsky, G. Generation of mesenchyme free intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1), 215. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13916-6 PMID: 31924806
- Mills, R.J.; Titmarsh, D.M.; Koenig, X.; Parker, B.L.; Ryall, J.G.; Quaife-Ryan, G.A.; Voges, H.K.; Hodson, M.P.; Ferguson, C.; Drowley, L.; Plowright, A.T.; Needham, E.J.; Wang, Q.D.; Gregorevic, P.; Xin, M.; Thomas, W.G.; Parton, R.G.; Nielsen, L.K.; Launikonis, B.S.; James, D.E.; Elliott, D.A.; Porrello, E.R.; Hudson, J.E. Functional screening in human cardiac organoids reveals a metabolic mechanism for cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2017, 114(40), E8372-E8381. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1707316114 PMID: 28916735
- Richards, D.J.; Coyle, R.C.; Tan, Y.; Jia, J.; Wong, K.; Toomer, K.; Menick, D.R.; Mei, Y. Inspiration from heart development: Biomimetic development of functional human cardiac organoids. Biomaterials, 2017, 142, 112-123. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.07.021 PMID: 28732246
- Richards, D.J.; Li, Y.; Kerr, C.M.; Yao, J.; Beeson, G.C.; Coyle, R.C.; Chen, X.; Jia, J.; Damon, B.; Wilson, R.; Starr Hazard, E.; Hardiman, G.; Menick, D.R.; Beeson, C.C.; Yao, H.; Ye, T.; Mei, Y. Human cardiac organoids for the modelling of myocardial infarction and drug cardiotoxicity. Nat. Biomed. Eng., 2020, 4(4), 446-462. doi: 10.1038/s41551-020-0539-4 PMID: 32284552
- Rossi, G.; Manfrin, A.; Lutolf, M.P. Progress and potential in organoid research. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2018, 19(11), 671-687. doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0051-9 PMID: 30228295
- Chen, H.; Zhuo, Q.; Ye, Z.; Xu, X.; Ji, S. Organoid model: A new hope for pancreatic cancer treatment? Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer, 2021, 1875(1), 188466. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188466 PMID: 33160014
- Fatehullah, A.; Tan, S.H.; Barker, N. Organoids as an in vitro model of human development and disease. Nat. Cell Biol., 2016, 18(3), 246-254. doi: 10.1038/ncb3312 PMID: 26911908
- Horvath, P.; Aulner, N.; Bickle, M.; Davies, A.M.; Nery, E.D.; Ebner, D.; Montoya, M.C.; Östling, P.; Pietiäinen, V.; Price, L.S.; Shorte, S.L.; Turcatti, G.; von Schantz, C.; Carragher, N.O. Screening out irrelevant cell-based models of disease. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2016, 15(11), 751-769. doi: 10.1038/nrd.2016.175 PMID: 27616293
- Hay, M.; Thomas, D.W.; Craighead, J.L.; Economides, C.; Rosenthal, J. Clinical development success rates for investigational drugs. Nat. Biotechnol., 2014, 32(1), 40-51. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2786 PMID: 24406927
- Frommeyer, G.; Eckardt, L. Drug-induced proarrhythmia: Risk factors and electrophysiological mechanisms. Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2016, 13(1), 36-47. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.110 PMID: 26194552
- Ronaldson-Bouchard, K.; Ma, S.P.; Yeager, K.; Chen, T.; Song, L.; Sirabella, D.; Morikawa, K.; Teles, D.; Yazawa, M.; Vunjak-Novakovic, G. Advanced maturation of human cardiac tissue grown from pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 2018, 556(7700), 239-243. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0016-3 PMID: 29618819
- McGranahan, N.; Swanton, C. Biological and therapeutic impact of intratumor heterogeneity in cancer evolution. Cancer. Cell., 2015, 27(1), 15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.12.001 PMID: 25584892
- Wang, Z.; Wang, S.N.; Xu, T.Y.; Miao, Z.W.; Su, D.F.; Miao, C.Y. Organoid technology for brain and therapeutics research. CNS Neurosci. Ther., 2017, 23(10), 771-778. doi: 10.1111/cns.12754 PMID: 28884977
- Gattazzo, F.; Urciuolo, A.; Bonaldo, P. Extracellular matrix: A dynamic microenvironment for stem cell niche. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Gen. Subj., 2014, 1840(8), 2506-2519. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.010 PMID: 24418517
- Takebe, T.; Zhang, B.; Radisic, M. Synergistic engineering: Organoids meet organs-on-a-chip. Cell Stem Cell, 2017, 21(3), 297-300. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.08.016 PMID: 28886364
- Komor, A.C.; Badran, A.H.; Liu, D.R. CRISPR-based technologies for the manipulation of eukaryotic genomes. Cell., 2017, 168(1-2), 20-36. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.044 PMID: 27866654
- Edmondson, R.; Broglie, J.J.; Adcock, A.F.; Yang, L. Three-dimensional cell culture systems and their applications in drug discovery and cell-based biosensors. Assay. Drug. Dev. Technol., 2014, 12(4), 207-218. doi: 10.1089/adt.2014.573 PMID: 24831787
- Vargas-Valderrama, A.; Messina, A.; Mitjavila-Garcia, M.T.; Guenou, H. The endothelium, a key actor in organ development and hPSC-derived organoid vascularization. J. Biomed. Sci., 2020, 27(1), 67. doi: 10.1186/s12929-020-00661-y PMID: 32443983
- Rauth, S.; Karmakar, S.; Batra, S.K.; Ponnusamy, M.P. Recent advances in organoid development and applications in disease modeling. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer, 2021, 1875(2), 188527. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188527 PMID: 33640383
- Verjans, E.T.; Doijen, J.; Luyten, W.; Landuyt, B.; Schoofs, L. Three-dimensional cell culture models for anticancer drug screening: Worth the effort? J. Cell. Physiol., 2018, 233(4), 2993-3003. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26052 PMID: 28618001
- Silvestri, V.L.; Henriet, E.; Linville, R.M.; Wong, A.D.; Searson, P.C.; Ewald, A.J. A tissue-engineered 3D microvessel model reveals the dynamics of mosaic vessel formation in breast cancer. Cancer Res., 2020, 80(19), 4288-4301. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-1564 PMID: 32665356
- Schmidt, C.; Pommerenke, H.; Dürr, F.; Nebe, B.; Rychly, J. Mechanical stressing of integrin receptors induces enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of cytoskeletally anchored proteins. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273(9), 5081-5085. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.9.5081 PMID: 9478959
- Bissell, M.J.; Rizki, A.; Mian, I.S. Tissue architecture: The ultimate regulator of breast epithelial function. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol., 2003, 15(6), 753-762. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.016 PMID: 14644202
- Goldfracht, I.; Protze, S.; Shiti, A.; Setter, N.; Gruber, A.; Shaheen, N.; Nartiss, Y.; Keller, G.; Gepstein, L. Generating ring-shaped engineered heart tissues from ventricular and atrial human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1), 75. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13868-x PMID: 31911598
- Abbas, M.; Moradi, F.; Hu, W.; Regudo, K.L.; Osborne, M.; Pettipas, J.; Atallah, D.S.; Hachem, R.; Ott-Peron, N.; Stuart, J.A. Vertebrate cell culture as an experimental approach limitations and solutions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol., 2021, 254, 110570. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110570 PMID: 33516822
- Anthon, S.G.; Valente, K.P. Vascularization strategies in 3D cell culture models: From scaffold-free models to 3D bioprinting. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2022, 23(23), 14582. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314582 PMID: 36498908
- Huh, D.; Hamilton, G.A.; Ingber, D.E. From 3D cell culture to organs-on-chips. Trends Cell Biol., 2011, 21(12), 745-754. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.09.005 PMID: 22033488
- Artegiani, B.; Clevers, H. Use and application of 3D-organoid technology. Hum. Mol. Genet., 2018, 27(R2), R99-R107. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy187 PMID: 29796608
- Vos, T.; Lim, S.S.; Abbafati, C.; Abbas, K.M.; Abbasi, M.; Abbasifard, M.; Abbasi-Kangevari, M.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdelalim, A.; Abdollahi, M.; Abdollahpour, I.; Abolhassani, H.; Aboyans, V.; Abrams, E.M.; Abreu, L.G.; Abrigo, M.R.M.; Abu-Raddad, L.J.; Abushouk, A.I.; Acebedo, A.; Ackerman, I.N.; Adabi, M.; Adamu, A.A.; Adebayo, O.M.; Adekanmbi, V.; Adelson, J.D.; Adetokunboh, O.O.; Adham, D.; Afshari, M.; Afshin, A.; Agardh, E.E.; Agarwal, G.; Agesa, K.M.; Aghaali, M.; Aghamir, S.M.K.; Agrawal, A.; Ahmad, T.; Ahmadi, A.; Ahmadi, M.; Ahmadieh, H.; Ahmadpour, E.; Akalu, T.Y.; Akinyemi, R.O.; Akinyemiju, T.; Akombi, B.; Al-Aly, Z.; Alam, K.; Alam, N.; Alam, S.; Alam, T.; Alanzi, T.M.; Albertson, S.B.; Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E.; Alema, N.M.; Ali, M.; Ali, S.; Alicandro, G.; Alijanzadeh, M.; Alinia, C.; Alipour, V.; Aljunid, S.M.; Alla, F.; Allebeck, P.; Almasi-Hashiani, A.; Alonso, J.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Altirkawi, K.A.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J.; Amini, S.; Amini-Rarani, M.; Aminorroaya, A.; Amiri, F.; Amit, A.M.L.; Amugsi, D.A.; Amul, G.G.H.; Anderlini, D.; Andrei, C.L.; Andrei, T.; Anjomshoa, M.; Ansari, F.; Ansari, I.; Ansari-Moghaddam, A.; Antonio, C.A.T.; Antony, C.M.; Antriyandarti, E.; Anvari, D.; Anwer, R.; Arabloo, J.; Arab-Zozani, M.; Aravkin, A.Y.; Ariani, F.; Ärnlöv, J.; Aryal, K.K.; Arzani, A.; Asadi-Aliabadi, M.; Asadi-Pooya, A.A.; Asghari, B.; Ashbaugh, C.; Atnafu, D.D.; Atre, S.R.; Ausloos, F.; Ausloos, M.; Ayala Quintanilla, B.P.; Ayano, G.; Ayanore, M.A.; Aynalem, Y.A.; Azari, S.; Azarian, G.; Azene, Z.N.; Babaee, E.; Badawi, A.; Bagherzadeh, M.; Bakhshaei, M.H.; Bakhtiari, A.; Balakrishnan, S.; Balalla, S.; Balassyano, S.; Banach, M.; Banik, P.C.; Bannick, M.S.; Bante, A.B.; Baraki, A.G.; Barboza, M.A.; Barker-Collo, S.L.; Barthelemy, C.M.; Barua, L.; Barzegar, A.; Basu, S.; Baune, B.T.; Bayati, M.; Bazmandegan, G.; Bedi, N.; Beghi, E.; Béjot, Y.; Bello, A.K.; Bender, R.G.; Bennett, D.A.; Bennitt, F.B.; Bensenor, I.M.; Benziger, C.P.; Berhe, K.; Bernabe, E.; Bertolacci, G.J.; Bhageerathy, R.; Bhala, N.; Bhandari, D.; Bhardwaj, P.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bhutta, Z.A.; Bibi, S.; Biehl, M.H.; Bikbov, B.; Bin Sayeed, M.S.; Biondi, A.; Birihane, B.M.; Bisanzio, D.; Bisignano, C.; Biswas, R.K.; Bohlouli, S.; Bohluli, M.; Bolla, S.R.R.; Boloor, A.; Boon-Dooley, A.S.; Borges, G.; Borzì, A.M.; Bourne, R.; Brady, O.J.; Brauer, M.; Brayne, C.; Breitborde, N.J.K.; Brenner, H.; Briant, P.S.; Briggs, A.M.; Briko, N.I.; Britton, G.B.; Bryazka, D.; Buchbinder, R.; Bumgarner, B.R.; Busse, R.; Butt, Z.A.; Caetano dos Santos, F.L.; Cámera, L.L.A.A.; Campos-Nonato, I.R.; Car, J.; Cárdenas, R.; Carreras, G.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castaldelli-Maia, J.M.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; Castelpietra, G.; Castle, C.D.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Causey, K.; Cederroth, C.R.; Cercy, K.M.; Cerin, E.; Chandan, J.S.; Chang, A.R.; Charlson, F.J.; Chattu, V.K.; Chaturvedi, S.; Chimed-Ochir, O.; Chin, K.L.; Cho, D.Y.; Christensen, H.; Chu, D-T.; Chung, M.T.; Cicuttini, F.M.; Ciobanu, L.G.; Cirillo, M.; Collins, E.L.; Compton, K.; Conti, S.; Cortesi, P.A.; Costa, V.M.; Cousin, E.; Cowden, R.G.; Cowie, B.C.; Cromwell, E.A.; Cross, D.H.; Crowe, C.S.; Cruz, J.A.; Cunningham, M.; Dahlawi, S.M.A.; Damiani, G.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Darwesh, A.M.; Daryani, A.; Das, J.K.; Das Gupta, R.; das Neves, J.; Dávila-Cervantes, C.A.; Davletov, K.; De Leo, D.; Dean, F.E.; DeCleene, N.K.; Deen, A.; Degenhardt, L.; Dellavalle, R.P.; Demeke, F.M.; Demsie, D.G.; Denova-Gutiérrez, E.; Dereje, N.D.; Dervenis, N.; Desai, R.; Desalew, A.; Dessie, G.A.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhungana, G.P.; Dianatinasab, M.; Diaz, D.; Dibaji Forooshani, Z.S.; Dingels, Z.V.; Dirac, M.A.; Djalalinia, S.; Do, H.T.; Dokova, K.; Dorostkar, F.; Doshi, C.P.; Doshmangir, L.; Douiri, A.; Doxey, M.C.; Driscoll, T.R.; Dunachie, S.J.; Duncan, B.B.; Duraes, A.R.; Eagan, A.W.; Ebrahimi Kalan, M.; Edvardsson, D.; Ehrlich, J.R.; El Nahas, N.; El Sayed, I.; El Tantawi, M.; Elbarazi, I.; Elgendy, I.Y.; Elhabashy, H.R.; El-Jaafary, S.I.; Elyazar, I.R.F.; Emamian, M.H.; Emmons-Bell, S.; Erskine, H.E.; Eshrati, B.; Eskandarieh, S.; Esmaeilnejad, S.; Esmaeilzadeh, F.; Esteghamati, A.; Estep, K.; Etemadi, A.; Etisso, A.E.; Farahmand, M.; Faraj, A.; Fareed, M.; Faridnia, R.; Farinha, C.S.S.; Farioli, A.; Faro, A.; Faruque, M.; Farzadfar, F.; Fattahi, N.; Fazlzadeh, M.; Feigin, V.L.; Feldman, R.; Fereshtehnejad, S-M.; Fernandes, E.; Ferrari, A.J.; Ferreira, M.L.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Fisher, J.L.; Fitzgerald, R.; Flohr, C.; Flor, L.S.; Foigt, N.A.; Folayan, M.O.; Force, L.M.; Fornari, C.; Foroutan, M.; Fox, J.T.; Freitas, M.; Fu, W.; Fukumoto, T.; Furtado, J.M.; Gad, M.M.; Gakidou, E.; Galles, N.C.; Gallus, S.; Gamkrelidze, A.; Garcia-Basteiro, A.L.; Gardner, W.M.; Geberemariyam, B.S.; Gebrehiwot, A.M.; Gebremedhin, K.B.; Gebreslassie, A.A.A.A.; Gershberg Hayoon, A.; Gething, P.W.; Ghadimi, M.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghafourifard, M.; Ghajar, A.; Ghamari, F.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghiasvand, H.; Ghith, N.; Gholamian, A.; Gilani, S.A.; Gill, P.S.; Gitimoghaddam, M.; Giussani, G.; Goli, S.; Gomez, R.S.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gorini, G.; Gorman, T.M.; Gottlich, H.C.; Goudarzi, H.; Goulart, A.C.; Goulart, B.N.G.; Grada, A.; Grivna, M.; Grosso, G.; Gubari, M.I.M.; Gugnani, H.C.; Guimaraes, A.L.S.; Guimarães, R.A.; Guled, R.A.; Guo, G.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, R.; Haagsma, J.A.; Haddock, B.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Hafiz, A.; Hagins, H.; Haile, L.M.; Hall, B.J.; Halvaei, I.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamagharib Abdullah, K.; Hamilton, E.B.; Han, C.; Han, H.; Hankey, G.J.; Haro, J.M.; Harvey, J.D.; Hasaballah, A.I.; Hasanzadeh, A.; Hashemian, M.; Hassanipour, S.; Hassankhani, H.; Havmoeller, R.J.; Hay, R.J.; Hay, S.I.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, B.; Heidari, G.; Heidari-Soureshjani, R.; Hendrie, D.; Henrikson, H.J.; Henry, N.J.; Herteliu, C.; Heydarpour, F.; Hird, T.R.; Hoek, H.W.; Hole, M.K.; Holla, R.; Hoogar, P.; Hosgood, H.D.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Househ, M.; Hoy, D.G.; Hsairi, M.; Hsieh, V.C.; Hu, G.; Huda, T.M.; Hugo, F.N.; Huynh, C.K.; Hwang, B-F.; Iannucci, V.C.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ikuta, K.S.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Ilic, I.M.; Ilic, M.D.; Inbaraj, L.R.; Ippolito, H.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Islam, M.M.; Islam, M.M.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islami, F.; Iso, H.; Ivers, R.Q.; Iwu, C.C.D.; Iyamu, I.O.; Jaafari, J.; Jacobsen, K.H.; Jadidi-Niaragh, F.; Jafari, H.; Jafarinia, M.; Jahagirdar, D.; Jahani, M.A.; Jahanmehr, N.; Jakovljevic, M.; Jalali, A.; Jalilian, F.; James, S.L.; Janjani, H.; Janodia, M.D.; Jayatilleke, A.U.; Jeemon, P.; Jenabi, E.; Jha, R.P.; Jha, V.; Ji, J.S.; Jia, P.; John, O.; John-Akinola, Y.O.; Johnson, C.O.; Johnson, S.C.; Jonas, J.B.; Joo, T.; Joshi, A.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, A.; Kabir, Z.; Kalani, H.; Kalani, R.; Kalankesh, L.R.; Kalhor, R.; Kamiab, Z.; Kanchan, T.; Karami Matin, B.; Karch, A.; Karim, M.A.; Karimi, S.E.; Kassa, G.M.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Katikireddi, S.V.; Kawakami, N.; Kayode, G.A.; Keddie, S.H.; Keller, C.; Kereselidze, M.; Khafaie, M.A.; Khalid, N.; Khan, M.; Khatab, K.; Khater, M.M.; Khatib, M.N.; Khayamzadeh, M.; Khodayari, M.T.; Khundkar, R.; Kianipour, N.; Kieling, C.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y-E.; Kim, Y.J.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kisa, A.; Kisa, S.; Kissimova-Skarbek, K.; Kivimäki, M.; Kneib, C.J.; Knudsen, A.K.S.; Kocarnik, J.M.; Kolola, T.; Kopec, J.A.; Kosen, S.; Koul, P.A.; Koyanagi, A.; Kravchenko, M.A.; Krishan, K.; Krohn, K.J.; Kuate Defo, B.; Kucuk Bicer, B.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, M.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, V.; Kumaresh, G.; Kurmi, O.P.; Kusuma, D.; Kyu, H.H.; La Vecchia, C.; Lacey, B.; Lal, D.K.; Lalloo, R.; Lam, J.O.; Lami, F.H.; Landires, I.; Lang, J.J.; Lansingh, V.C.; Larson, S.L.; Larsson, A.O.; Lasrado, S.; Lassi, Z.S.; Lau, K.M-M.; Lavados, P.M.; Lazarus, J.V.; Ledesma, J.R.; Lee, P.H.; Lee, S.W.H.; LeGrand, K.E.; Leigh, J.; Leonardi, M.; Lescinsky, H.; Leung, J.; Levi, M.; Lewington, S.; Li, S.; Lim, L-L.; Lin, C.; Lin, R-T.; Linehan, C.; Linn, S.; Liu, H-C.; Liu, S.; Liu, Z.; Looker, K.J.; Lopez, A.D.; Lopukhov, P.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lucas, T.C.D.; Lugo, A.; Lunevicius, R.; Lyons, R.A.; Ma, J.; MacLachlan, J.H.; Maddison, E.R.; Maddison, R.; Madotto, F.; Mahasha, P.W.; Mai, H.T.; Majeed, A.; Maled, V.; Maleki, S.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malta, D.C.; Mamun, A.A.; Manafi, A.; Manafi, N.; Manguerra, H.; Mansouri, B.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantilla Herrera, A.M.; Maravilla, J.C.; Marks, A.; Martins-Melo, F.R.; Martopullo, I.; Masoumi, S.Z.; Massano, J.; Massenburg, B.B.; Mathur, M.R.; Maulik, P.K.; McAlinden, C.; McGrath, J.J.; McKee, M.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Mehri, F.; Mehta, K.M.; Meitei, W.B.; Memiah, P.T.N.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Mengesha, E.W.; Mengesha, M.B.; Mereke, A.; Meretoja, A.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mestrovic, T.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Michalek, I.M.; Mihretie, K.M.; Miller, T.R.; Mills, E.J.; Mirica, A.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mirzaei, H.; Mirzaei, M.; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M.; Misganaw, A.T.; Mithra, P.; Moazen, B.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Mohamadi, E.; Mohammad, D.K.; Mohammad, Y.; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A.; Mohammadifard, N.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Mohammed, S.; Mokdad, A.H.; Molokhia, M.; Momen, N.C.; Monasta, L.; Mondello, S.; Mooney, M.D.; Moosazadeh, M.; Moradi, G.; Moradi, M.; Moradi-Lakeh, M.; Moradzadeh, R.; Moraga, P.; Morales, L.; Morawska, L.; Moreno Velásquez, I.; Morgado-da-Costa, J.; Morrison, S.D.; Mosser, J.F.; Mouodi, S.; Mousavi, S.M.; Mousavi Khaneghah, A.; Mueller, U.O.; Munro, S.B.; Muriithi, M.K.; Musa, K.I.; Muthupandian, S.; Naderi, M.; Nagarajan, A.J.; Nagel, G.; Naghshtabrizi, B.; Nair, S.; Nandi, A.K.; Nangia, V.; Nansseu, J.R.; Nayak, V.C.; Nazari, J.; Negoi, I.; Negoi, R.I.; Netsere, H.B.N.; Ngunjiri, J.W.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nguyen, J.; Nguyen, M.; Nguyen, M.; Nichols, E.; Nigatu, D.; Nigatu, Y.T.; Nikbakhsh, R.; Nixon, M.R.; Nnaji, C.A.; Nomura, S.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nowak, C.; Nunez-Samudio, V.; Oţoiu, A.; Oancea, B.; Odell, C.M.; Ogbo, F.A.; Oh, I-H.; Okunga, E.W.; Oladnabi, M.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olusanya, B.O.; Olusanya, J.O.; Oluwasanu, M.M.; Omar Bali, A.; Omer, M.O.; Ong, K.L.; Onwujekwe, O.E.; Orji, A.U.; Orpana, H.M.; Ortiz, A.; Ostroff, S.M.; Otstavnov, N.; Otstavnov, S.S.; Øverland, S.; Owolabi, M.O.; P A, M.; Padubidri, J.R.; Pakhare, A.P.; Palladino, R.; Pana, A.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Pandey, A.; Park, E-K.; Parmar, P.G.K.; Pasupula, D.K.; Patel, S.K.; Paternina-Caicedo, A.J.; Pathak, A.; Pathak, M.; Patten, S.B.; Patton, G.C.; Paudel, D.; Pazoki Toroudi, H.; Peden, A.E.; Pennini, A.; Pepito, V.C.F.; Peprah, E.K.; Pereira, A.; Pereira, D.M.; Perico, N.; Pham, H.Q.; Phillips, M.R.; Pigott, D.M.; Pilgrim, T.; Pilz, T.M.; Pirsaheb, M.; Plana-Ripoll, O.; Plass, D.; Pokhrel, K.N.; Polibin, R.V.; Polinder, S.; Polkinghorne, K.R.; Postma, M.J.; Pourjafar, H.; Pourmalek, F.; Pourmirza Kalhori, R.; Pourshams, A.; Poznańska, A.; Prada, S.I.; Prakash, V.; Pribadi, D.R.A.; Pupillo, E.; Quazi Syed, Z.; Rabiee, M.; Rabiee, N.; Radfar, A.; Rafiee, A.; Rafiei, A.; Raggi, A.; Rahimi-Movaghar, A.; Rahman, M.A.; Rajabpour-Sanati, A.; Rajati, F.; Ramezanzadeh, K.; Ranabhat, C.L.; Rao, P.C.; Rao, S.J.; Rasella, D.; Rastogi, P.; Rathi, P.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rawal, L.; Razo, C.; Redford, S.B.; Reiner, R.C., Jr; Reinig, N.; Reitsma, M.B.; Remuzzi, G.; Renjith, V.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Resnikoff, S.; Rezaei, N.; Rezai, M.; Rezapour, A.; Rhinehart, P-A.; Riahi, S.M.; Ribeiro, A.L.P.; Ribeiro, D.C.; Ribeiro, D.; Rickard, J.; Roberts, N.L.S.; Roberts, S.; Robinson, S.R.; Roever, L.; Rolfe, S.; Ronfani, L.; Roshandel, G.; Roth, G.A.; Rubagotti, E.; Rumisha, S.F.; Sabour, S.; Sachdev, P.S.; Saddik, B.; Sadeghi, E.; Sadeghi, M.; Saeidi, S.; Safi, S.; Safiri, S.; Sagar, R.; Sahebkar, A.; Sahraian, M.A.; Sajadi, S.M.; Salahshoor, M.R.; Salamati, P.; Salehi Zahabi, S.; Salem, H.; Salem, M.R.R.; Salimzadeh, H.; Salomon, J.A.; Salz, I.; Samad, Z.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Santomauro, D.F.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, J.V.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Saraswathy, S.Y.I.; Sarmiento-Suárez, R.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sartorius, B.; Sarveazad, A.; Sathian, B.; Sathish, T.; Sattin, D.; Sbarra, A.N.; Schaeffer, L.E.; Schiavolin, S.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schutte, A.E.; Schwebel, D.C.; Schwendicke, F.; Senbeta, A.M.; Senthilkumaran, S.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Shackelford, K.A.; Shadid, J.; Shahabi, S.; Shaheen, A.A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shalash, A.S.; Shams-Beyranvand, M.; Shamsizadeh, M.; Shannawaz, M.; Sharafi, K.; Sharara, F.; Sheena, B.S.; Sheikhtaheri, A.; Shetty, R.S.; Shibuya, K.; Shiferaw, W.S.; Shigematsu, M.; Shin, J.I.; Shiri, R.; Shirkoohi, R.; Shrime, M.G.; Shuval, K.; Siabani, S.; Sigfusdottir, I.D.; Sigurvinsdottir, R.; Silva, J.P.; Simpson, K.E.; Singh, A.; Singh, J.A.; Skiadaresi, E.; Skou, S.T.; Skryabin, V.Y.; Sobngwi, E.; Sokhan, A.; Soltani, S.; Sorensen, R.J.D.; Soriano, J.B.; Sorrie, M.B.; Soyiri, I.N.; Sreeramareddy, C.T.; Stanaway, J.D.; Stark, B.A.; Ştefan, S.C.; Stein, C.; Steiner, C.; Steiner, T.J.; Stokes, M.A.; Stovner, L.J.; Stubbs, J.L.; Sudaryanto, A.; Sufiyan, M.B.; Sulo, G.; Sultan, I.; Sykes, B.L.; Sylte, D.O.; Szócska, M.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tabb, K.M.; Tadakamadla, S.K.; Taherkhani, A.; Tajdini, M.; Takahashi, K.; Taveira, N.; Teagle, W.L.; Teame, H.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Teklehaimanot, B.F.; Terrason, S.; Tessema, Z.T.; Thankappan, K.R.; Thomson, A.M.; Tohidinik, H.R.; Tonelli, M.; Topor-Madry, R.; Torre, A.E.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.R.; Tran, B.X.; Travillian, R.; Troeger, C.E.; Truelsen, T.C.; Tsai, A.C.; Tsatsakis, A.; Tudor Car, L.; Tyrovolas, S.; Uddin, R.; Ullah, S.; Undurraga, E.A.; Unnikrishnan, B.; Vacante, M.; Vakilian, A.; Valdez, P.R.; Varughese, S.; Vasankari, T.J.; Vasseghian, Y.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Violante, F.S.; Vlassov, V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vongpradith, A.; Vukovic, A.; Vukovic, R.; Waheed, Y.; Walters, M.K.; Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y-P.; Ward, J.L.; Watson, A.; Wei, J.; Weintraub, R.G.; Weiss, D.J.; Weiss, J.; Westerman, R.; Whisnant, J.L.; Whiteford, H.A.; Wiangkham, T.; Wiens, K.E.; Wijeratne, T.; Wilner, L.B.; Wilson, S.; Wojtyniak, B.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Wool, E.E.; Wu, A-M.; Wulf Hanson, S.; Wunrow, H.Y.; Xu, G.; Xu, R.; Yadgir, S.; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S.H.; Yamagishi, K.; Yaminfirooz, M.; Yano, Y.; Yaya, S.; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V.; Yearwood, J.A.; Yeheyis, T.Y.; Yeshitila, Y.G.; Yip, P.; Yonemoto, N.; Yoon, S-J.; Yoosefi Lebni, J.; Younis, M.Z.; Younker, T.P.; Yousefi, Z.; Yousefifard, M.; Yousefinezhadi, T.; Yousuf, A.Y.; Yu, C.; Yusefzadeh, H.; Zahirian Moghadam, T.; Zaki, L.; Zaman, S.B.; Zamani, M.; Zamanian, M.; Zandian, H.; Zangeneh, A.; Zastrozhin, M.S.; Zewdie, K.A.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z-J.; Zhao, J.T.; Zhao, Y.; Zheng, P.; Zhou, M.; Ziapour, A.; Zimsen, S.R.M.; Naghavi, M.; Murray, C.J.L. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 19902019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 2020, 396(10258), 1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9 PMID: 33069326
- Mc Namara, K.; Alzubaidi, H.; Jackson, J.K. Cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death: How are pharmacists getting involved? Integr. Pharm. Res. Pract., 2019, 8, 1-11. doi: 10.2147/IPRP.S133088 PMID: 30788283
- Roth, G.A.; Mensah, G.A.; Johnson, C.O.; Addolorato, G.; Ammirati, E.; Baddour, L.M.; Barengo, N.C.; Beaton, A.Z.; Benjamin, E.J.; Benziger, C.P.; Bonny, A.; Brauer, M.; Brodmann, M.; Cahill, T.J.; Carapetis, J.; Catapano, A.L.; Chugh, S.S.; Cooper, L.T.; Coresh, J.; Criqui, M.; DeCleene, N.; Eagle, K.A.; Emmons-Bell, S.; Feigin, V.L.; Fernández-Solà, J.; Fowkes, G.; Gakidou, E.; Grundy, S.M.; He, F.J.; Howard, G.; Hu, F.; Inker, L.; Karthikeyan, G.; Kassebaum, N.; Koroshetz, W.; Lavie, C.; Lloyd-Jones, D.; Lu, H.S.; Mirijello, A.; Temesgen, A.M.; Mokdad, A.; Moran, A.E.; Muntner, P.; Narula, J.; Neal, B.; Ntsekhe, M.; Moraes de Oliveira, G.; Otto, C.; Owolabi, M.; Pratt, M.; Rajagopalan, S.; Reitsma, M.; Ribeiro, A.L.P.; Rigotti, N.; Rodgers, A.; Sable, C.; Shakil, S.; Sliwa-Hahnle, K.; Stark, B.; Sundström, J.; Timpel, P.; Tleyjeh, I.M.; Valgimigli, M.; Vos, T.; Whelton, P.K.; Yacoub, M.; Zuhlke, L.; Murray, C.; Fuster, V.; Roth, G.A.; Mensah, G.A.; Johnson, C.O.; Addolorato, G.; Ammirati, E.; Baddour, L.M.; Barengo, N.C.; Beaton, A.; Benjamin, E.J.; Benziger, C.P.; Bonny, A.; Brauer, M.; Brodmann, M.; Cahill, T.J.; Carapetis, J.R.; Catapano, A.L.; Chugh, S.; Cooper, L.T.; Coresh, J.; Criqui, M.H.; DeCleene, N.K.; Eagle, K.A.; Emmons-Bell, S.; Feigin, V.L.; Fernández-Sola, J.; Fowkes, F.G.R.; Gakidou, E.; Grundy, S.M.; He, F.J.; Howard, G.; Hu, F.; Inker, L.; Karthikeyan, G.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Koroshetz, W.J.; Lavie, C.; Lloyd-Jones, D.; Lu, H.S.; Mirijello, A.; Misganaw, A.T.; Mokdad, A.H.; Moran, A.E.; Muntner, P.; Narula, J.; Neal, B.; Ntsekhe, M.; Oliveira, G.M.M.; Otto, C.M.; Owolabi, M.O.; Pratt, M.; Rajagopalan, S.; Reitsma, M.B.; Ribeiro, A.L.P.; Rigotti, N.A.; Rodgers, A.; Sable, C.A.; Shakil, S.S.; Sliwa, K.; Stark, B.A.; Sundström, J.; Timpel, P.; Tleyjeh, I.I.; Valgimigli, M.; Vos, T.; Whelton, P.K.; Yacoub, M.; Zuhlke, L.J.; Abbasi-Kangevari, M.; Abdi, A.; Abedi, A.; Aboyans, V.; Abrha, W.A.; Abu-Gharbieh, E.; Abushouk, A.I.; Acharya, D.; Adair, T.; Adebayo, O.M.; Ademi, Z.; Advani, S.M.; Afshari, K.; Afshin, A.; Agarwal, G.; Agasthi, P.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmadi, S.; Ahmed, M.B.; Aji, B.; Akalu, Y.; Akande-Sholabi, W.; Aklilu, A.; Akunna, C.J.; Alahdab, F.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Alhabib, K.F.; Alif, S.M.; Alipour, V.; Aljunid, S.M.; Alla, F.; Almasi-Hashiani, A.; Almustanyir, S.; Al-Raddadi, R.M.; Amegah, A.K.; Amini, S.; Aminorroaya, A.; Amu, H.; Amugsi, D.A.; Ancuceanu, R.; Anderlini, D.; Andrei, T.; Andrei, C.L.; Ansari-Moghaddam, A.; Anteneh, Z.A.; Antonazzo, I.C.; Antony, B.; Anwer, R.; Appiah, L.T.; Arabloo, J.; Ärnlöv, J.; Artanti, K.D.; Ataro, Z.; Ausloos, M.; Avila-Burgos, L.; Awan, A.T.; Awoke, M.A.; Ayele, H.T.; Ayza, M.A.; Azari, S.; B, D.B.; Baheiraei, N.; Baig, A.A.; Bakhtiari, A.; Banach, M.; Banik, P.C.; Baptista, E.A.; Barboza, M.A.; Barua, L.; Basu, S.; Bedi, N.; Béjot, Y.; Bennett, D.A.; Bensenor, I.M.; Berman, A.E.; Bezabih, Y.M.; Bhagavathula, A.S.; Bhaskar, S.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bijani, A.; Bikbov, B.; Birhanu, M.M.; Boloor, A.; Brant, L.C.; Brenner, H.; Briko, N.I.; Butt, Z.A.; Caetano dos Santos, F.L.; Cahill, L.E.; Cahuana-Hurtado, L.; Cámera, L.A.; Campos-Nonato, I.R.; Cantu-Brito, C.; Car, J.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; Catalá-López, F.; Cerin, E.; Charan, J.; Chattu, V.K.; Chen, S.; Chin, K.L.; Choi, J-Y.J.; Chu, D-T.; Chung, S-C.; Cirillo, M.; Coffey, S.; Conti, S.; Costa, V.M.; Cundiff, D.K.; Dadras, O.; Dagnew, B.; Dai, X.; Damasceno, A.A.M.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Davletov, K.; De la Cruz-Góngora, V.; De la Hoz, F.P.; De Neve, J-W.; Denova-Gutiérrez, E.; Derbew Molla, M.; Derseh, B.T.; Desai, R.; Deuschl, G.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhimal, M.; Dhungana, R.R.; Dianatinasab, M.; Diaz, D.; Djalalinia, S.; Dokova, K.; Douiri, A.; Duncan, B.B.; Duraes, A.R.; Eagan, A.W.; Ebtehaj, S.; Eftekhari, A.; Eftekharzadeh, S.; Ekholuenetale, M.; El Nahas, N.; Elgendy, I.Y.; Elhadi, M.; El-Jaafary, S.I.; Esteghamati, S.; Etisso, A.E.; Eyawo, O.; Fadhil, I.; Faraon, E.J.A.; Faris, P.S.; Farwati, M.; Farzadfar, F.; Fernandes, E.; Fernandez Prendes, C.; Ferrara, P.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Flood, D.; Fukumoto, T.; Gad, M.M.; Gaidhane, S.; Ganji, M.; Garg, J.; Gebre, A.K.; Gebregiorgis, B.G.; Gebregzabiher, K.Z.; Gebremeskel, G.G.; Getacher, L.; Obsa, A.G.; Ghajar, A.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghith, N.; Giampaoli, S.; Gilani, S.A.; Gill, P.S.; Gillum, R.F.; Glushkova, E.V.; Gnedovskaya, E.V.; Golechha, M.; Gonfa, K.B.; Goudarzian, A.H.; Goulart, A.C.; Guadamuz, J.S.; Guha, A.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, R.; Hachinski, V.; Hafezi-Nejad, N.; Haile, T.G.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamidi, S.; Hankey, G.J.; Hargono, A.; Hartono, R.K.; Hashemian, M.; Hashi, A.; Hassan, S.; Hassen, H.Y.; Havmoeller, R.J.; Hay, S.I.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, G.; Herteliu, C.; Holla, R.; Hosseini, M.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Househ, M.; Huang, J.; Humayun, A.; Iavicoli, I.; Ibeneme, C.U.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Ilic, I.M.; Ilic, M.D.; Iqbal, U.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islam, R.M.; Iso, H.; Iwagami, M.; Jain, V.; Javaheri, T.; Jayapal, S.K.; Jayaram, S.; Jayawardena, R.; Jeemon, P.; Jha, R.P.; Jonas, J.B.; Jonnagaddala, J.; Joukar, F.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, A.; Kahlon, T.; Kalani, R.; Kalhor, R.; Kamath, A.; Kamel, I.; Kandel, H.; Kandel, A.; Karch, A.; Kasa, A.S.; Katoto, P.D.M.C.; Kayode, G.A.; Khader, Y.S.; Khammarnia, M.; Khan, M.S.; Khan, M.N.; Khan, M.; Khan, E.A.; Khatab, K.; Kibria, G.M.A.; Kim, Y.J.; Kim, G.R.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kisa, S.; Kisa, A.; Kivimäki, M.; Kolte, D.; Koolivand, A.; Korshunov, V.A.; Koulmane Laxminarayana, S.L.; Koyanagi, A.; Krishan, K.; Krishnamoorthy, V.; Kuate Defo, B.; Kucuk Bicer, B.; Kulkarni, V.; Kumar, G.A.; Kumar, N.; Kurmi, O.P.; Kusuma, D.; Kwan, G.F.; La Vecchia, C.; Lacey, B.; Lallukka, T.; Lan, Q.; Lasrado, S.; Lassi, Z.S.; Lauriola, P.; Lawrence, W.R.; Laxmaiah, A.; LeGrand, K.E.; Li, M-C.; Li, B.; Li, S.; Lim, S.S.; Lim, L-L.; Lin, H.; Lin, Z.; Lin, R-T.; Liu, X.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Lugo, A.; M, N.K.; Madotto, F.; Mahmoudi, M.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Malik, A.A.; Mamun, A.A.; Manafi, N.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Martini, S.; Mathur, M.R.; Mazzaglia, G.; Mehata, S.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Meier, T.; Menezes, R.G.; Meretoja, A.; Mestrovic, T.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Michalek, I.M.; Miller, T.R.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mirzaei, H.; Moazen, B.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Mohammad, Y.; Mohammad, D.K.; Mohammed, S.; Mohammed, M.A.; Mokhayeri, Y.; Molokhia, M.; Montasir, A.A.; Moradi, G.; Moradzadeh, R.; Moraga, P.; Morawska, L.; Moreno Velásquez, I.; Morze, J.; Mubarik, S.; Muruet, W.; Musa, K.I.; Nagarajan, A.J.; Nalini, M.; Nangia, V.; Naqvi, A.A.; Narasimha Swamy, S.; Nascimento, B.R.; Nayak, V.C.; Nazari, J.; Nazarzadeh, M.; Negoi, R.I.; Neupane Kandel, S.; Nguyen, H.L.T.; Nixon, M.R.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Nouthe, B.E.; Nowak, C.; Odukoya, O.O.; Ogbo, F.A.; Olagunju, A.T.; Orru, H.; Ortiz, A.; Ostroff, S.M.; Padubidri, J.R.; Palladino, R.; Pana, A.; Panda-Jonas, S.; Parekh, U.; Park, E-C.; Parvizi, M.; Pashazadeh Kan, F.; Patel, U.K.; Pathak, M.; Paudel, R.; Pepito, V.C.F.; Perianayagam, A.; Perico, N.; Pham, H.Q.; Pilgrim, T.; Piradov, M.A.; Pishgar, F.; Podder, V.; Polibin, R.V.; Pourshams, A.; Pribadi, D.R.A.; Rabiee, N.; Rabiee, M.; Radfar, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi-Movaghar, V.; Ur Rahman, M.H.; Rahman, M.A.; Rahmani, A.M.; Rakovac, I.; Ram, P.; Ramalingam, S.; Rana, J.; Ranasinghe, P.; Rao, S.J.; Rathi, P.; Rawal, L.; Rawasia, W.F.; Rawassizadeh, R.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Rezapour, A.; Riahi, S.M.; Roberts-Thomson, R.L.; Roever, L.; Rohloff, P.; Romoli, M.; Roshandel, G.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saadatagah, S.; Saber-Ayad, M.M.; Sabour, S.; Sacco, S.; Sadeghi, M.; Saeedi Moghaddam, S.; Safari, S.; Sahebkar, A.; Salehi, S.; Salimzadeh, H.; Samaei, M.; Samy, A.M.; Santos, I.S.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Sarrafzadegan, N.; Sarveazad, A.; Sathish, T.; Sawhney, M.; Saylan, M.; Schmidt, M.I.; Schutte, A.E.; Senthilkumaran, S.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Sha, F.; Shahabi, S.; Shahid, I.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shamali, M.; Shamsizadeh, M.; Shawon, M.S.R.; Sheikh, A.; Shigematsu, M.; Shin, M-J.; Shin, J.I.; Shiri, R.; Shiue, I.; Shuval, K.; Siabani, S.; Siddiqi, T.J.; Silva, D.A.S.; Singh, J.A.; Mtech, A.S.; Skryabin, V.Y.; Skryabina, A.A.; Soheili, A.; Spurlock, E.E.; Stockfelt, L.; Stortecky, S.; Stranges, S.; Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R.; Tadbiri, H.; Tadesse, E.G.; Tadesse, D.B.; Tajdini, M.; Tariqujjaman, M.; Teklehaimanot, B.F.; Temsah, M-H.; Tesema, A.K.; Thakur, B.; Thankappan, K.R.; Thapar, R.; Thrift, A.G.; Timalsina, B.; Tonelli, M.; Touvier, M.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Tripathi, A.; Tripathy, J.P.; Truelsen, T.C.; Tsegay, G.M.; Tsegaye, G.W.; Tsilimparis, N.; Tusa, B.S.; Tyrovolas, S.; Umapathi, K.K.; Unim, B.; Unnikrishnan, B.; Usman, M.S.; Vaduganathan, M.; Valdez, P.R.; Vasankari, T.J.; Velazquez, D.Z.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Vu, G.T.; Vujcic, I.S.; Waheed, Y.; Wang, Y.; Wang, F.; Wei, J.; Weintraub, R.G.; Weldemariam, A.H.; Westerman, R.; Winkler, A.S.; Wiysonge, C.S.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Wubishet, B.L.; Xu, G.; Yadollahpour, A.; Yamagishi, K.; Yan, L.L.; Yandrapalli, S.; Yano, Y.; Yatsuya, H.; Yeheyis, T.Y.; Yeshaw, Y.; Yilgwan, C.S.; Yonemoto, N.; Yu, C.; Yusefzadeh, H.; Zachariah, G.; Zaman, S.B.; Zaman, M.S.; Zamanian, M.; Zand, R.; Zandifar, A.; Zarghi, A.; Zastrozhin, M.S.; Zastrozhina, A.; Zhang, Z-J.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, W.; Zhong, C.; Zou, Z.; Zuniga, Y.M.H.; Murray, C.J.L.; Fuster, V. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 19902019. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2020, 76(25), 2982-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010 PMID: 33309175
- Heidenreich, P.A.; Albert, N.M.; Allen, L.A.; Bluemke, D.A.; Butler, J.; Fonarow, G.C.; Ikonomidis, J.S.; Khavjou, O.; Konstam, M.A.; Maddox, T.M.; Nichol, G.; Pham, M.; Piña, I.L.; Trogdon, J.G. Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: A policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ. Heart Fail., 2013, 6(3), 606-619. doi: 10.1161/HHF.0b013e318291329a PMID: 23616602
- Gong, F.F.; Vaitenas, I.; Malaisrie, S.C.; Maganti, K. Mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. JAMA Cardiol., 2021, 6(3), 341-349. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3690 PMID: 33295949
- Sinnenberg, L.; Givertz, M.M. Acute heart failure. Trends. Cardiovasc. Med., 2020, 30(2), 104-112. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2019.03.007 PMID: 31006522
- Kannankeril, P.J.; Roden, D.M. Drug-induced long QT and torsade de pointes: Recent advances. Curr. Opin. Cardiol., 2007, 22(1), 39-43. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e32801129eb PMID: 17143043
- Andrysiak, K.; Stępniewski, J.; Dulak, J. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, 3D cardiac structures, and heart-on-a-chip as tools for drug research. Pflugers. Arch., 2021, 473(7), 1061-1085. doi: 10.1007/s00424-021-02536-z PMID: 33629131
- Liu, C.; Feng, X.; Li, G.; Gokulnath, P.; Xiao, J. Generating 3D human cardiac constructs from pluripotent stem cells. EBioMedicine., 2022, 76, 103813. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103813 PMID: 35093634
- Chen, V.C.; Ye, J.; Shukla, P.; Hua, G.; Chen, D.; Lin, Z.; Liu, J.; Chai, J.; Gold, J.; Wu, J.; Hsu, D.; Couture, L.A. Development of a scalable suspension culture for cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res., 2015, 15(2), 365-375. doi: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.08.002 PMID: 26318718
- Shkumatov, A.; Baek, K.; Kong, H. Matrix rigidity-modulated cardiovascular organoid formation from embryoid bodies. PLoS. One., 2014, 9(4), e94764. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094764 PMID: 24732893
- Moorman, A.F.M.; Christoffels, V.M.; Anderson, R.H.; van den Hoff, M.J.B. The heart-forming fields: One or multiple? Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 2007, 362(1484), 1257-1265. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2113 PMID: 17581808
- Sizarov, A.; Ya, J.; de Boer, B.A.; Lamers, W.H.; Christoffels, V.M.; Moorman, A.F.M. Formation of the building plan of the human heart: morphogenesis, growth, and differentiation. Circulation., 2011, 123(10), 1125-1135. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.980607 PMID: 21403123
- Harvey, R.P. Patterning the vertebrate heart. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2002, 3(7), 544-556. doi: 10.1038/nrg843 PMID: 12094232
- Lescroart, F.; Kelly, R.G.; Le Garrec, J.F.; Nicolas, J.F.; Meilhac, S.M.; Buckingham, M. Clonal analysis reveals common lineage relationships between head muscles and second heart field derivatives in the mouse embryo. Development, 2010, 137(19), 3269-3279. doi: 10.1242/dev.050674 PMID: 20823066
- Cohen-Gould, L.; Mikawa, T. The fate diversity of mesodermal cells within the heart field during chicken early embryogenesis. Dev. Biol., 1996, 177(1), 265-273. doi: 10.1006/dbio.1996.0161 PMID: 8660893
- Harris, I.S.; Black, B.L. Development of the endocardium. Pediatr. Cardiol., 2010, 31(3), 391-399. doi: 10.1007/s00246-010-9642-8 PMID: 20135106
- Bulatovic, I.; Månsson-Broberg, A.; Sylvén, C.; Grinnemo, K.H. Human fetal cardiac progenitors: The role of stem cells and progenitors in the fetal and adult heart. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 2016, 31, 58-68. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.08.008 PMID: 26421632
- Finnemore, A.; Groves, A. Physiology of the fetal and transitional circulation. Semin. Fetal Neonatal Med., 2015, 20(4), 210-216. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2015.04.003 PMID: 25921445
- Morton, S.U.; Brodsky, D. Fetal physiology and the transition to extrauterine life. Clin. Perinatol., 2016, 43(3), 395-407. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2016.04.001 PMID: 27524443
- Banerjee, I.; Fuseler, J.W.; Price, R.L.; Borg, T.K.; Baudino, T.A. Determination of cell types and numbers during cardiac development in the neonatal and adult rat and mouse. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2007, 293(3), H1883-H1891. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00514.2007 PMID: 17604329
- Drakhlis, L.; Biswanath, S.; Farr, C.M.; Lupanow, V.; Teske, J.; Ritzenhoff, K.; Franke, A.; Manstein, F.; Bolesani, E.; Kempf, H.; Liebscher, S.; Schenke-Layland, K.; Hegermann, J.; Nolte, L.; Meyer, H.; de la Roche, J.; Thiemann, S.; Wahl-Schott, C.; Martin, U.; Zweigerdt, R. Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development. Nat. Biotechnol., 2021, 39(6), 737-746. doi: 10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9 PMID: 33558697
- Hofbauer, P.; Jahnel, S.M.; Papai, N.; Giesshammer, M.; Deyett, A.; Schmidt, C.; Penc, M.; Tavernini, K.; Grdseloff, N.; Meledeth, C.; Ginistrelli, L.C.; Ctortecka, C.; alic, .; Novatchkova, M.; Mendjan, S. Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis. Cell., 2021, 184(12), 3299-3317.e22. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.034 PMID: 34019794
- Giacomelli, E.; Meraviglia, V.; Campostrini, G.; Cochrane, A.; Cao, X.; van Helden, R.W.J.; Krotenberg Garcia, A.; Mircea, M.; Kostidis, S.; Davis, R.P.; van Meer, B.J.; Jost, C.R.; Koster, A.J.; Mei, H.; Míguez, D.G.; Mulder, A.A.; Ledesma-Terrón, M.; Pompilio, G.; Sala, L.; Salvatori, D.C.F.; Slieker, R.C.; Sommariva, E.; de Vries, A.A.F.; Giera, M.; Semrau, S.; Tertoolen, L.G.J.; Orlova, V.V.; Bellin, M.; Mummery, C.L. Human-iPSC-derived cardiac stromal cells enhance maturation in 3D cardiac microtissues and reveal non-cardiomyocyte contributions to heart disease. Cell. Stem. Cell., 2020, 26(6), 862-879.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.004 PMID: 32459996
- Arslan, U.; Moruzzi, A.; Nowacka, J.; Mummery, C.L.; Eckardt, D.; Loskill, P.; Orlova, V.V. Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart. Mater. Today. Bio., 2022, 14, 100259. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100259 PMID: 35514437
- Beauchamp, P.; Jackson, C.B.; Ozhathil, L.C.; Agarkova, I.; Galindo, C.L.; Sawyer, D.B.; Suter, T.M.; Zuppinger, C. 3D Co-culture of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with cardiac fibroblasts improves tissue-like features of cardiac spheroids. Front. Mol. Biosci., 2020, 7, 14. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00014 PMID: 32118040
- Hoang, P.; Wang, J.; Conklin, B.R.; Healy, K.E.; Ma, Z. Generation of spatial-patterned early-developing cardiac organoids using human pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Protoc., 2018, 13(4), 723-737. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2018.006 PMID: 29543795
- Kupfer, M.E.; Lin, W.H.; Ravikumar, V.; Qiu, K.; Wang, L.; Gao, L.; Bhuiyan, D.B.; Lenz, M.; Ai, J.; Mahutga, R.R.; Townsend, D.; Zhang, J.; McAlpine, M.C.; Tolkacheva, E.G.; Ogle, B.M. In situ expansion, differentiation, and electromechanical coupling of human cardiac muscle in a 3d bioprinted, chambered organoid. Circ. Res., 2020, 127(2), 207-224. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316155 PMID: 32228120
- Ma, Z.; Wang, J.; Loskill, P.; Huebsch, N.; Koo, S.; Svedlund, F.L.; Marks, N.C.; Hua, E.W.; Grigoropoulos, C.P.; Conklin, B.R.; Healy, K.E. Self-organizing human cardiac microchambers mediated by geometric confinement. Nat. Commun., 2015, 6(1), 7413. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8413 PMID: 26172574
- Mensah, G.A.; Roth, G.A.; Fuster, V. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2019, 74(20), 2529-2532. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.009 PMID: 31727292
- Huch, M.; Knoblich, J.A.; Lutolf, M.P.; Martinez-Arias, A. The hope and the hype of organoid research. Development., 2017, 144(6), 938-941. doi: 10.1242/dev.150201 PMID: 28292837
- Hulot, J.S. Modeling cardiac arrhythmias with organoids. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2019, 73(18), 2325-2327. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.076 PMID: 31072577
- Liu, C.; Oikonomopoulos, A.; Sayed, N.; Wu, J.C. Modeling human diseases with induced pluripotent stem cells: From 2D to 3D and beyond. Development., 2018, 145(5), dev156166. doi: 10.1242/dev.156166 PMID: 29519889
- Voges, H.K.; Mills, R.J.; Elliott, D.A.; Parton, R.G.; Porrello, E.R.; Hudson, J.E. Development of a human cardiac organoid injury model reveals innate regenerative potential. Development., 2017, 144(6), dev.143966. doi: 10.1242/dev.143966 PMID: 28174241
- Tiburcy, M.; Hudson, J.E.; Balfanz, P.; Schlick, S.; Meyer, T.; Chang Liao, M.L.; Levent, E.; Raad, F.; Zeidler, S.; Wingender, E.; Riegler, J.; Wang, M.; Gold, J.D.; Kehat, I.; Wettwer, E.; Ravens, U.; Dierickx, P.; van Laake, L.W.; Goumans, M.J.; Khadjeh, S.; Toischer, K.; Hasenfuss, G.; Couture, L.A.; Unger, A.; Linke, W.A.; Araki, T.; Neel, B.; Keller, G.; Gepstein, L.; Wu, J.C.; Zimmermann, W.H. Defined engineered human myocardium with advanced maturation for applications in heart failure modeling and repair. Circulation., 2017, 135(19), 1832-1847. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024145 PMID: 28167635
- Long, C.; Li, H.; Tiburcy, M.; Rodriguez-Caycedo, C.; Kyrychenko, V.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, Y.; Min, Y.L.; Shelton, J.M.; Mammen, P.P.A.; Liaw, N.Y.; Zimmermann, W.H.; Bassel-Duby, R.; Schneider, J.W.; Olson, E.N. Correction of diverse muscular dystrophy mutations in human engineered heart muscle by single-site genome editing. Sci. Adv., 2018, 4(1), eaap9004. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9004 PMID: 29404407
- Nugraha, B.; Buono, M.F.; Emmert, M.Y. Modelling human cardiac diseases with 3D organoid. Eur. Heart J., 2018, 39(48), 4234-4237. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy765 PMID: 30576473
- Tzatzalos, E.; Abilez, O.J.; Shukla, P.; Wu, J.C. Engineered heart tissues and induced pluripotent stem cells: Macro- and microstructures for disease modeling, drug screening, and translational studies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2016, 96, 234-244. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.010 PMID: 26428619
- Walsh, R.; Adler, A.; Amin, A.S.; Abiusi, E.; Care, M.; Bikker, H.; Amenta, S.; Feilotter, H.; Nannenberg, E.A.; Mazzarotto, F.; Trevisan, V.; Garcia, J.; Hershberger, R.E.; Perez, M.V.; Sturm, A.C.; Ware, J.S.; Zareba, W.; Novelli, V.; Wilde, A.A.M.; Gollob, M.H. Evaluation of gene validity for CPVT and short QT syndrome in sudden arrhythmic death. Eur. Heart J., 2022, 43(15), 1500-1510. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab687 PMID: 34557911
- Shinnawi, R.; Shaheen, N.; Huber, I.; Shiti, A.; Arbel, G.; Gepstein, A.; Ballan, N.; Setter, N.; Tijsen, A.J.; Borggrefe, M.; Gepstein, L. Modeling reentry in the short QT syndrome with human-induced pluripotent stem cellderived cardiac cell sheets. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2019, 73(18), 2310-2324. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.055 PMID: 31072576
- Lan, F.; Lee, A.S.; Liang, P.; Sanchez-Freire, V.; Nguyen, P.K.; Wang, L.; Han, L.; Yen, M.; Wang, Y.; Sun, N.; Abilez, O.J.; Hu, S.; Ebert, A.D.; Navarrete, E.G.; Simmons, C.S.; Wheeler, M.; Pruitt, B.; Lewis, R.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Ashley, E.A.; Bers, D.M.; Robbins, R.C.; Longaker, M.T.; Wu, J.C. Abnormal calcium handling properties underlie familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathology in patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell. Stem. Cell., 2013, 12(1), 101-113. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.10.010 PMID: 23290139
- Filippo Buono, M.; von Boehmer, L.; Strang, J.; Hoerstrup, S.P.; Emmert, M.Y.; Nugraha, B. Human cardiac organoids for modeling genetic cardiomyopathy. Cells., 2020, 9(7), 1733. doi: 10.3390/cells9071733 PMID: 32698471
- Lee, J.; Sutani, A.; Kaneko, R.; Takeuchi, J.; Sasano, T.; Kohda, T.; Ihara, K.; Takahashi, K.; Yamazoe, M.; Morio, T.; Furukawa, T.; Ishino, F. In vitro generation of functional murine heart organoids via FGF4 and extracellular matrix. Nat. Commun., 2020, 11(1), 4283. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18031-5 PMID: 32883967
- Vanderburgh, J.; Sterling, J.A.; Guelcher, S.A. 3D printing of tissue engineered constructs for in vitro modeling of disease progression and drug screening. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2017, 45(1), 164-179. doi: 10.1007/s10439-016-1640-4 PMID: 27169894
- Eglen, R.M.; Randle, D.H. Drug discovery goes three-dimensional: Goodbye to flat high-throughput screening? Assay Drug Dev. Technol., 2015, 13(5), 262-265. doi: 10.1089/adt.2015.647 PMID: 26121065
- Martin, U. Pluripotent stem cells for disease modeling and drug screening: New perspectives for treatment of cystic fibrosis? Mol. Cell Pediatr., 2015, 2(1), 15. doi: 10.1186/s40348-015-0023-5 PMID: 26666881
- Forsythe, S.D.; Devarasetty, M.; Shupe, T.; Bishop, C.; Atala, A.; Soker, S.; Skardal, A. Environmental toxin screening using human-derived 3D bioengineered liver and cardiac organoids. Front. Public. Health., 2018, 6, 103. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00103 PMID: 29755963
- Skardal, A.; Aleman, J.; Forsythe, S.; Rajan, S.; Murphy, S.; Devarasetty, M.; Pourhabibi Zarandi, N.; Nzou, G.; Wicks, R.; Sadri-Ardekani, H.; Bishop, C.; Soker, S.; Hall, A.; Shupe, T.; Atala, A. Drug compound screening in single and integrated multi-organoid body-on-a-chip systems. Biofabrication., 2020, 12(2), 025017. doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab6d36 PMID: 32101533
- Hynds, R.E.; Giangreco, A. Concise review: The relevance of human stem cell-derived organoid models for epithelial translational medicine. Stem. Cells., 2013, 31(3), 417-422. doi: 10.1002/stem.1290 PMID: 23203919
- Walsh, A.J.; Cook, R.S.; Sanders, M.E.; Arteaga, C.L.; Skala, M.C. Drug response in organoids generated from frozen primary tumor tissues. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6(1), 18889. doi: 10.1038/srep18889 PMID: 26738962
- Mills, R.J.; Parker, B.L.; Quaife-Ryan, G.A.; Voges, H.K.; Needham, E.J.; Bornot, A.; Ding, M.; Andersson, H.; Polla, M.; Elliott, D.A.; Drowley, L.; Clausen, M.; Plowright, A.T.; Barrett, I.P.; Wang, Q.D.; James, D.E.; Porrello, E.R.; Hudson, J.E. Drug screening in human PSC-cardiac organoids identifies pro-proliferative compounds acting via the mevalonate pathway. Cell. Stem. Cell., 2019, 24(6), 895-907.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.009 PMID: 30930147
- Archer, C.R.; Sargeant, R.; Basak, J.; Pilling, J.; Barnes, J.R.; Pointon, A. Characterization and validation of a human 3D cardiac microtissue for the assessment of changes in cardiac pathology. Sci. Rep., 2018, 8(1), 10160. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28393-y PMID: 29976997
- Ergir, E.; Oliver-De La Cruz, J.; Fernandes, S.; Cassani, M.; Niro, F.; Pereira-Sousa, D.; Vrbský, J.; Vinarský, V.; Perestrelo, A.R.; Debellis, D.; Vadovičová, N.; Uldrijan, S.; Cavalieri, F.; Pagliari, S.; Redl, H.; Ertl, P.; Forte, G. Generation and maturation of human iPSC-derived 3D organotypic cardiac microtissues in long-term culture. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12(1), 17409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22225-w PMID: 36257968
- Takeda, M.; Miyagawa, S.; Fukushima, S.; Saito, A.; Ito, E.; Harada, A.; Matsuura, R.; Iseoka, H.; Sougawa, N.; Mochizuki-Oda, N.; Matsusaki, M.; Akashi, M.; Sawa, Y. Development of in vitro drug-induced cardiotoxicity assay by using three-dimensional cardiac tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Tissue Eng. Part. C Methods., 2018, 24(1), 56-67. doi: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0247 PMID: 28967302
- Lewis-Israeli, Y.R.; Wasserman, A.H.; Gabalski, M.A.; Volmert, B.D.; Ming, Y.; Ball, K.A.; Yang, W.; Zou, J.; Ni, G.; Pajares, N.; Chatzistavrou, X.; Li, W.; Zhou, C.; Aguirre, A. Self-assembling human heart organoids for the modeling of cardiac development and congenital heart disease. Nat. Commun., 2021, 12(1), 5142. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25329-5 PMID: 34446706
Supplementary files
