Kahramanmaras earthquake on February 6, 2023: mathematical models, estimates and methods of seismic protection

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Abstract

The recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria occurred on February 6, 2023. In the Kahramanmaras region the earthquake had an estimated magnitude of Mw7.8, and reached intensity XI by the modified Mercalli scale. The earthquake had catastrophic consequences, leading to the deaths of more than 52,800 people, as well as the multiple damages of the structures and buildings. The paper relates to the analyses of the seismograms and the detection of an unusually strong delta impulse, which can be associated with the arrival of a horizontally polarized S-wave.

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About the authors

A. I. Karakozova

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Author for correspondence.
Email: karioca@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. V. Kuznetsov

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering; Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics RAS; Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Email: karioca@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; Moscow

V. L. Mondrus

Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Email: karioca@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. a) Horizontal component of the seismogram of the mainshock at 01:17 GMT, measured at the IU ANTO station, Ankara, Turkey, located 235 km from the epicenter; b) delta-like pulse corresponding to the first two largest peaks, each with a duration of about 100 ms.

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3. Fig. 2. Seismogram of the Kobe earthquake that occurred on January 17, 1995 [7].

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4. Fig. 3. High intensity and short duration of peaks are associated with the arrival of Rayleigh surface waves of magnitude Mw 7.0; earthquake in Haiti on 12.01.2010 [10].

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5. Fig. 4. Typical seismogram; earthquake near Severnaya Zemlya Island, which occurred on April 19, 1997 [11]; the red line marks the beginning of the arrival of S-waves.

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6. Fig. 5. Fourier spectra of delta-like pulses at different T.

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7. Fig. 6. a) Köllin-Voigt model; b) Zener model; c) typical frequency response of a seismic isolator created according to the Zener model; the signal amplification zone is shown in gray.

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8. Fig. 7. Collapse of a building frame caused by the occurrence of high-intensity shock waves; FE modeling.

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9. Fig. 8. a) Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, 1923 [16]; b) schematic diagram of a seismic cushion based on a relict swamp.

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10. Fig. 9. Seismic cushions for protection a) the reactor building of the nuclear power plant is protected from both P-waves and S-shock waves, a composite cushion of acoustically contrasting layers (layers are highlighted in different colours) is placed under the foundation structure [21]; b) separation of the foundation slab by a seismic cushion (red line).

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