Characters of participation of microorganisms in the formation of nodular monazite (kularite), Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, Russia

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Abstract

The presented data showed the important role of microorganisms in the formation of nodular monazites (NM) (kularites) of the Kular Range (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). In the NM, microorganisms lithified by REE phosphate (monazite) were identified, represented by cyanobacteria, in the form of peculiar stromatolite-like microstructures, as well as framboidal iron sulfides in monazites. The isotopic composition of organic carbon in koularites corresponds to the biogenic one – δ13С from –22.2 ‰ to –22.3 ‰.

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About the authors

S. M. Zhmodik

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

A. Yu. Rozanov

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru

Academician of the RAS

Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Moscow

E. V. Lazareva

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

P. O. Ivanov

Arctic Capital LLC

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Yakutsk, Sakha (Yakutia) Republic

D. K. Belyanin

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

N. S. Karmanov

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

V. A. Ponomarchuk

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

B. Yu. Saryg-ool

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

E. A. Zhegallo

N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

O. S. Samylina

N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

T. N. Moroz

Institute of Geology and Mineralogy named after. V.S. Sobolev Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: zhmodik@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Electronic image of NM grain (sample KMGV-3), in which biomorphic structures and the distribution of O, Si, Al, P, C, La, Ce and Nd were detected.

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3. Fig. 2. SEM images of NM grains with different levels of detail (A, B, D) and emphasized bacteriomorphic (“stromalite-like”) microstructures (B, G, E). White – monazite; SiO2 – quartz; Gn – galena; Al-P – florencite ((REE)Al3(PO4)2(OH)6; Gth – goethite.

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4. Fig. 3. SEM images of a grain of NM containing FP. Fig. 5G shows FP with mackinawite located in monazite, in which each crystal is surrounded by a film of organic matter. White – monazite; Py – pyrite; Ab – albite; C – hydrocarbons; FP are indicated by arrows in Fig. 5A.

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5. Fig. 4. Results: a – PDR (KMGV-3), Mnz – monazite, Mca – mica, Qz – quartz, Rhs – rhodochrosite, Kln – kaolinite, Ant – anatase, Xnt – xenotime; b – IR (KMGV-2, KMGV-3); c – Raman spectroscopy (KMGV-1, KS3-2, KHMOD2) of the Kular Ridge NM. The Raman spectra of all samples contain the bands – D1, G of disordered hydrocarbons.

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution of REE in monazites and NM, normalized to NASC [10, 11]: 1 – Kular Ridge (average for NM Table 1); 2 – Ichet’yu area, Middle Timan (average for monazites [9]); 3 – Ur Creek (average for monazites [4]); 4 – Kular Ridge (this study, average according to SEM data of monazites); 5–7 – Ur Creek, average for monazites in different NM zones. 8 – REE in ores of the Buranny area of ​​the Tomtor Nb-REE deposit [12].

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7. Fig. 6. Distribution of REE at different points (see Fig. 2) of NM (EDS SEM data, exposure 270 s). The content of elements is normalized according to NASC [10, 11].

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