Age and palaeogeography of Garaja palaeolithic site (Azerbaijan)
- 作者: Idrisov I.A.1,2, Yanina T.A.3, Titov V.V.4,5, Zeynalov A.A.6, Kulakov S.A.2,7, Lukyanycheva M.S.8, Eybatov T.M.9, Otcherednoy A.K.2,7, Anoikin A.A.2, Kurbanov R.N.3,8
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隶属关系:
- Institute of Geology DFRC RAS
- Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
- Southern Scientific Center RAS
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology SFU
- Institute of Archeology and Anthropology, ANAS
- Institute of History of Material Culture RAS
- Institute of Geography RAS
- Natural History Museum MNOAR
- 期: 卷 56, 编号 1 (2025)
- 页面: 41-68
- 栏目: Каспий в плейстоцене: эволюция природной среды и человек
- URL: https://rjmseer.com/2949-1789/article/view/686578
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S2949178925010032
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DOCQHQ
- ID: 686578
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详细
The Caucasus is the region where the earliest episodes of hominin settlement in Eurasia are recorded. The discovery of a series of stratified Early Palaeolithic sites on the western coast of the Caspian Sea allows us to expand understanding the human exploration history of the Old World. Garaja site, located in the middle reaches of the Kura River in Western Azerbaijan is characterized by impressive archaeological collection, complexity and dynamism of the host sediments. For reconstructing the palaeogeographic history of the site a detailed study of Quaternary deposits, absolute dating using luminescence and analysis of palaeontological and archaeological collections were carried out. At Garaja coastal-marine, lacustrine and alluvial layers are distinguished, described in six lithological units, reflecting major stages of topography evolution and sedimentation conditions. The layers at the base of the section were formed during the Early Bakunian transgression, the middle and upper parts – during the unstable level of the Late Bakunian – Urunjikian transgression and active dynamics of Kura River valley. Analysis of the stone artifacts collection allowed identifying two technological complexes that reflect different stages of human occupation of this area. Absolute ages obtained for the first time for Bakunian deposits show that the pioneer settlement of the territory of the site took place ~445–460 ka and is associated with the Middle Acheulean tradition. This event occurred in the second half of MIS 12 and the Late Bakunian transgression of the Caspian Sea, when a forested multi-branch delta of the Kura River existed here, and forest-steppe landscapes dominated in the interfluve areas. The second stage occurs during 380–370 ka and is associated with the Late Acheulean tradition. The attractiveness of the Garaja area for ancient humans was determined by favorable climatic conditions, the presence of fresh water, accessible stone raw materials, abundant vegetation and numerous hunting objects. For the first time in the Eastern Caucasus, the exact chronology of the Early Palaeolithic site was established and palaeogeographical conditions were reconstructed, which allowed determining position of the archaeological materials of Garaja in the Early Paleolithic cultural mosaic of the region.
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作者简介
I. Idrisov
Institute of Geology DFRC RAS; Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Makhachkala; Novosibirsk
T. Yanina
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
V. Titov
Southern Scientific Center RAS; Academy of Biology and Biotechnology SFU
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Rostov-on-Don; Rostov-on-Don
A. Zeynalov
Institute of Archeology and Anthropology, ANAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Baku
S. Kulakov
Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS; Institute of History of Material Culture RAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk; St. Petersburg
M. Lukyanycheva
Institute of Geography RAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
T. Eybatov
Natural History Museum MNOAR
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
阿塞拜疆, Baku
A. Otcherednoy
Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS; Institute of History of Material Culture RAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk; St. Petersburg
A. Anoikin
Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Novosibirsk
R. Kurbanov
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography; Institute of Geography RAS
Email: idris_gun@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow
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