New records and morphology of Chrysococcus furcatus (Chrysophyceae, Chromulinales) in the waterbodies of the Southern Ural

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Abstract

The data on new records of Chrysococcus furcatus vegetative cells and stomatocysts obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. The species has been recorded for the first time in the Urals; three habitats were discovered during extensive multiyear sampling. The originality of the research lies in the study of the environmental conditions of cell growth and mass formation of stomatocysts in natural waterbodies, as well as in obtaining information on the increase in silicon content in mature stomatocysts using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the Southern Ural population, the morphotypes of stomatocysts with an obconical long collar of varying length are found. Some specimens had a single needle-like spine bifurcating when mature, located on or very close to the posterior pole. A new form with multiple needle-like spines located on the posterior pole of stomatocyst has been discovered. The rest of the cyst body was ornamented with conical scabrae. Descriptions are illustrated with electron micrographs. The obtained results supplement the information on the algal flora of Russia and can be used in environmental monitoring of waterbodies and paleoreconstructions.

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About the authors

L. V. Snit’ko

South Ural Scientific Centre of Mineralogy and Environmental Geology of the Ural Branch RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: lvs223@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Ilmensky Reserve, Miass, Chelyabinsk Region, 456317

V. P. Snit’ko

South Ural Scientific Centre of Mineralogy and Environmental Geology of the Ural Branch RAS

Email: lvs223@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Ilmensky Reserve, Miass, Chelyabinsk Region, 456317

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2. Fig. 1. Vegetative cell (arrow) of Chrysococcus furcatus (SEM) from the Tesminskoye Reservoir 18.05.2020. Scale bar – 10 μm.

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3. Fig. 2. Stomatocysts of Chrysococcus furcatus (SEM): а – stomatocyst with a twisted spine; b – stomatocyst with a bifurcate spine and a non-twisted spine located on the posterior pole; c, е, f – stomatocysts with a bifurcate spine located on the posterior pole; f – stomatocyst with a basal collar edge decorated with vertical stripes; d – stomatocyst with 3 needle-like spines on the posterior pole. Scale bar – 5 μm.

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4. Fig. 3. Population of Chrysococcus furcatus stomatocysts (SEM) in the Tesminskoye Reservoir 13.05.2020: а, b – stomatocysts with 3 needle-like spines located on the posterior pole, ornamented with irregularly arranged scabrae; c – stomatocyst with 4 needle-like spines located on the posterior pole; d – stomatocyst, diameter of the hole inside the collar is 1 μm. Scale bar: a, b, c – 10 μm; d – 5 μm.

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5. Fig. 4. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS) of Chrysococcus furcatus stomatocysts: а, b – energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum of immature stomatocysts; с – energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum of mature stomatocysts with a bifurcate spine.

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6. Fig. 5. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, EDS) of vegetative cells of Chrysococcus furcatus stomatocysts.

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