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卷 109, 编号 5 (2024)

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Flora of conjugates (Charophyta, Zygnematophyceae) of waterbodies of northwestern Russia

Luknitskaya A.

摘要

Summary data on the flora of Zygnematophyceae in the Northwestern European Russia (Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions) are presented for the first time. In total, 294 species, 36 varieties and 8 forms of 33 genera are listed. The following genera are represented by the greatest number of species: Cosmarium (84 species and 7 varieties), Closterium (42 species, 8 varieties and 1 form), and Staurastrum (41 species and 5 varieties). 22 species and 3 varieties rare for the studied region were found, including 4 species (Сosmarium tessellatumC. schröderiMicrasterias americana, and Sphaerozosma leave) rare in the world flora.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):421-427
pages 421-427 views

Anther formation in Monanthess anaginensis and M. muralis (Crassulaceae)

Anisimova G., Shamrov I.

摘要

Similarities and differences between Monanthes anagensis and M. muralis were revealed as a result of the study of their anther development and structure. The similarities: 4-locular isobilateral (on transverse section) anther with a 4-rayed connective; it does not fuse with the filament in the basal part, and the connective is visible only in the middle part; and in the upper and lower parts of the anther, the microsporangia of each theca are fused with their lateral surfaces; the microsporangium wall on the distal side is formed according to the centrifugal type; simultaneous microsporogenesis, tetrahedral tetrads of microspores, 2-celled pollen grains; tannins accumulate in the epidermal cells on the distal side of the microsporangium wall; parietal tapetum (amoeboid tapetum as a variation). Differences: length of anther zones; initial stages of microsporangium formation; the structure of the formed microsporangium wall: four (M. anagensis) or five (M. muralis) layers of cells, with the species differing in the number of middle layers; the process of specialization of endothecium cells, namely in M. muralis the cells increase in radial direction after the stage of prophase I of meiosis, while in M. anagensis after the stage of microspore tetrads; destruction of cell walls in the tapetum occurs at the stage of microspore tetrads in M. anagensis, and of single microspores in M. muralis.

Based on the complex of characteristics of the anther structure and development, the studied species of the genus Monanthes show the greatest similarity with members of the genera Aeonium and Sedum. The data obtained are not in conflict with cladistic constructs. The studied species Aeonium balsamiferum and A. ciliatum, as well as Monanthes anagensis and M. muralis belong to the same Aeonium clade, taking an intermediate position between the Telephium (Sedum kamtschaticum) and Acre (S. palmeri) clades.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):428-445
pages 428-445 views

Androdioecy in Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae)

Godin V.

摘要

The article contains the first detailed report on androdioecy in Caltha palustris L., a short-rhizomatous, fibrous-rooted herbaceous perennial, based on the studies conducted in the Moscow Region from 2021 to 2023. C. palustris produces flowers of two types: perfect and staminate (remains of carpels with non-functioning stigmas are preserved). Most of the studied individuals had larger perfect flowers, and their elements were always larger than those of staminate flowers. The studied populations consisted of three types of individuals: ones with perfect flowers only, ones with both perfect and staminate flowers, and ones bearing staminate flowers only. The synflorescence of C. palustris is a closed thyrsus, its subunits are dichasia. In andromonoecious plants, perfect flowers take a terminal position on both the thyrsus axis and in the dichasia of the paracladia, while staminate flowers are formed exclusively on the lateral axes of the dichasia. Most plants in the studied populations had perfect flowers (from 87.3 to 95.0%). Over a three-year observation period, the individuals of different sexual forms showed no evidence of sex change, and the ratio of different kinds of plants remained stable with only minor fluctuations.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):446-459
pages 446-459 views

Constructive organization of forest-forming tree species growing in the middle zone of European Russia

Kostina M., Barabanshchikova N., Nedoseko O., Stamenov M.

摘要

The purpose of this report is to reveal features of structural organization of 12 species of trees of the temperate zone, which constitute the first layer of phytocenoses, from the standpoint of the concept of C. Edelin (1991). The structural organization of the studied species is based on the principle of hierarchic construction of the crown, i.e. the subordination of lateral skeletal axes to the main axis, the trunk. In flowering plants, sympodial growth is widespread, in one of its variants there are prerequisites for the appearance of elements of polyarchic organization in the crown – two equivalent axes forming a fork, which sometimes leads to a bifurcation of the trunk. Subsequent differentiation of the fork axes into the leading and subordinate can lead to the formation of branches that exceed the branches of the hierarchic organization in terms of durability and power. The appearance of elements of a polyarchic organization is less determinate than of the elements of a hierarchic one. Among the studied species, the forks appear less often in Picea abies, and more often in Salix alba and S. pentandra. In shade-tolerant species under low light conditions, the inclusion of elements of a polyarchic organization in a hierarchic structure underlies the formation of an umbellate crown, and in open space in all species, except Picea abies, it allows forming more spreading crown. No correlation was revealed between the structural organization of the studied species and their role in the successional system, as well as between their longevity and shade resistance.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):460-475
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New genus Schvedovia (Schvedoviales, Schvedoviacea) from the Late Permian of Central Siberia

Sadovnikov G.

摘要

Yavorskyia radczenkovii Schvedov from the Permian volcanites of Central Siberia was previously considered a cicadophyte, but differs from other species of the genus (including the type species Yavorskyia mungatica) by inclined (vs. almost perpendicular to the rachis) position of catadromous leaf segments, and veins non-parallel to their lateral edges. The structures which are probably megasporangia (on anadromous segments) and microsporangia (on catadromous segments) have been found on such leaves from the Kochumdek-5 locality in the Lower Tunguska basin. A new genus Schvedovia has been distinguished, conditionally assigned to the heterosporous ferns.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):476–483
pages 476–483 views

FLORISTIC RECORDS

Contribution to the flora of Chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae: Chromulinales, Paraphysomonadales) of the waterbodies of the steppe zone (Orenburg region)

Ignatenko M., Yatsenko-Stepanova T., Mindolina Y., Nasyrova M.

摘要

In the waterbodies of different types of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, 19 taxa of silica-scaled Chrysophyceae belonging to the orders Chromulinales and Paraphysomonadales have been recorded. Among them, 16 taxa of the infrageneric rank were recorded for the first time for the studied territory; two species (Lepidochromonas cancellata and Polylepidomonas vacuolata) are new to the flora of Russia. New localities have been revealed of four species rare in the flora of Russia: L. poteriophora, L. stelligera, L. subrotacea, and Paraphysomonas caelifrica. For each discovered taxon, data on its morphology, locality, and distribution are provided. All findings are illustrated with microphotographs taken using scanning electron microscopy.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):484–501
pages 484–501 views

New records and morphology of Chrysococcus furcatus (Chrysophyceae, Chromulinales) in the waterbodies of the Southern Ural

Snit’ko L., Snit’ko V.

摘要

The data on new records of Chrysococcus furcatus vegetative cells and stomatocysts obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are presented. The species has been recorded for the first time in the Urals; three habitats were discovered during extensive multiyear sampling. The originality of the research lies in the study of the environmental conditions of cell growth and mass formation of stomatocysts in natural waterbodies, as well as in obtaining information on the increase in silicon content in mature stomatocysts using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the Southern Ural population, the morphotypes of stomatocysts with an obconical long collar of varying length are found. Some specimens had a single needle-like spine bifurcating when mature, located on or very close to the posterior pole. A new form with multiple needle-like spines located on the posterior pole of stomatocyst has been discovered. The rest of the cyst body was ornamented with conical scabrae. Descriptions are illustrated with electron micrographs. The obtained results supplement the information on the algal flora of Russia and can be used in environmental monitoring of waterbodies and paleoreconstructions.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):502-513
pages 502-513 views

Viola orientalis (Violaceae) – a new species for the flora of Sakhalin Island (Russian Far East)

Koroteeva T., Espeut M.

摘要

The occurrence of Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W. Becker, a species of yellow-flowered violet, is reported for Sakhalin Island for the first time. The data on natural habitats and abundance of this species as well as its differences from other yellow-flowered violets growing in the Sakhalin Region are provided. The identification key for the species of yellow-flowered violets of the Russian Far East is complied.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):514–517
pages 514–517 views

Alien plant species from the Lamiaceae family new to the flora of Sakhalin Island

Lozhnikova O.

摘要

The article provides data on two plant species and one hybrid, all from the family Lamiaceae, new to the flora of Sakhalin Island, collected by us in 2023: Melissa officinalis L., Mentha × piperita L. and Origanum vulgare L. The revealed species are ergasiophygophytes and colonophytes. Melissa officinalis and O. vulgare are also new genera to the flora of the island.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):518-521
pages 518-521 views

Cyperus microiria (Cyperaceae), a new alien species for the Caucasus

Vishnyakov V.

摘要

The first findings of Cyperus microiria, an alien species with a natural range in South and Southeast Asia, are reported for the Caucasus. The species was initially discovered in collections from Adjara stored in the Herbarium of the Batumi Botanical Garden (BATU), and then was re-collected by the author from the same region in 2023. The first collections from the territory of the Botanical Garden, where the species entered presumably due to the introduction of subtropical Asian plants, date back to 1987. Currently, it is a fairly common species in disturbed wet habitats of the coastal lowland. The nearest findings were made in Rize, Turkey, where the species was recorded as naturalized only in 2014.

Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):522–525
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JUBILEES AND MEMORIAL DATES

Peter Yakovlevich Kornuch-Trotsky (1804–1877). To the 220th anniversary

Fomina L., Kadyrova L., Sitnikov A.
Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 2024;109(5):526–531
pages 526–531 views