Процессы ионного обмена на катионите Н+ для снижения жесткости воды

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Abstract

Рассматривается процесс ионообмена на катионите Н+ в картриджах для умягчения воды. Предлагается математическая модель этого процесса, содержащая два настраиваемых параметра, один из которых связан со свойствами катионита. Идентификация параметров модели и проверка ее адекватности осуществлялась по собственным экспериментальным данным. Результаты моделирования позволили выявить ряд особенностей протекания процесса изменения жесткости воды на катионитах Н+, которые будут полезны при решении проектных и поверочных задач в области ионообменных процессов и аппаратов для умягчения воды.

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About the authors

А. В. Клинов

Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет

Author for correspondence.
Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Russian Federation, Казань

А. И. Разинов

Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Russian Federation, Казань

А. Е. Прокопович

ООО “АкваБрит”

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

Е. В. Саблин

ООО “АкваБрит”

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Russian Federation, Москва

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental setup diagram: 1 – pressure regulator; 2 – pressure gauge; 3 – flow distribution system in the cartridge; 4 – flow passing through the softening cartridge; 5 – cartridge with two internal chambers; 6 – chamber with ion-exchange resin; 7 – water flow without softening (“bypass” line); 8 – flow mixing chamber; 9 – flow meter combined with a regulator and a water meter; 10 – regulating needle valve.

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3. Fig. 2. Water hardness at the outlet of the cartridge d = 68 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 280 ml, flow rate of 35 l/h, without bypass. Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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4. Fig. 3. Water hardness at the outlet of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate of 65 l/h, without bypass, water hardness at the inlet KH0 = 7.6°dH, GH0 = 12.4°dH). Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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5. Fig. 4. Water hardness at the outlet of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate 65 l/h, bypass 50%, water hardness at the inlet KH0 = 7.6°dH, GH0 = 12.4°dH). Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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6. Fig. 5. Calculated profiles of the concentrations of Ca2+ (circles), H+ (squares) and (triangles) ions in the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate of 65 l/h) at a time of 5 h for water hardness at the inlet of KH0 = 8°dH, GH0 = 8.8°dH (a) and KH0 = 8°dH, GH0 = 12°dH (b).

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7. Fig. 6. Resource of a cartridge d = 119 mm, with a flow rate of 65 l/h. Squares – with a cation exchanger volume of 1775 ml, circles – 3550 ml, triangles – 7100 ml.

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8. Fig. 7. The ratio of the resources of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge, depending on the ratio of total hardness to carbonate hardness in the inlet water.

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9. Fig. 8. The resource of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge, depending on the bypass share χ relative to the resource at zero bypass at different KH0 values at the input. The required carbonate hardness at the output KH = 6°dH.

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