Процессы ионного обмена на катионите Н+ для снижения жесткости воды

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат ақылы немесе тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

Рассматривается процесс ионообмена на катионите Н+ в картриджах для умягчения воды. Предлагается математическая модель этого процесса, содержащая два настраиваемых параметра, один из которых связан со свойствами катионита. Идентификация параметров модели и проверка ее адекватности осуществлялась по собственным экспериментальным данным. Результаты моделирования позволили выявить ряд особенностей протекания процесса изменения жесткости воды на катионитах Н+, которые будут полезны при решении проектных и поверочных задач в области ионообменных процессов и аппаратов для умягчения воды.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

А. Клинов

Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Ресей, Казань

А. Разинов

Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Ресей, Казань

А. Прокопович

ООО “АкваБрит”

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Ресей, Москва

Е. Саблин

ООО “АкваБрит”

Email: alklin@kstu.ru
Ресей, Москва

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental setup diagram: 1 – pressure regulator; 2 – pressure gauge; 3 – flow distribution system in the cartridge; 4 – flow passing through the softening cartridge; 5 – cartridge with two internal chambers; 6 – chamber with ion-exchange resin; 7 – water flow without softening (“bypass” line); 8 – flow mixing chamber; 9 – flow meter combined with a regulator and a water meter; 10 – regulating needle valve.

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3. Fig. 2. Water hardness at the outlet of the cartridge d = 68 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 280 ml, flow rate of 35 l/h, without bypass. Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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4. Fig. 3. Water hardness at the outlet of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate of 65 l/h, without bypass, water hardness at the inlet KH0 = 7.6°dH, GH0 = 12.4°dH). Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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5. Fig. 4. Water hardness at the outlet of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate 65 l/h, bypass 50%, water hardness at the inlet KH0 = 7.6°dH, GH0 = 12.4°dH). Geometric figures are experimental data, lines are calculations.

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6. Fig. 5. Calculated profiles of the concentrations of Ca2+ (circles), H+ (squares) and (triangles) ions in the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge (d = 119 mm, with a cation exchanger volume of 3550 ml, flow rate of 65 l/h) at a time of 5 h for water hardness at the inlet of KH0 = 8°dH, GH0 = 8.8°dH (a) and KH0 = 8°dH, GH0 = 12°dH (b).

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7. Fig. 6. Resource of a cartridge d = 119 mm, with a flow rate of 65 l/h. Squares – with a cation exchanger volume of 1775 ml, circles – 3550 ml, triangles – 7100 ml.

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8. Fig. 7. The ratio of the resources of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge, depending on the ratio of total hardness to carbonate hardness in the inlet water.

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9. Fig. 8. The resource of the AQUABRIT-500 cartridge, depending on the bypass share χ relative to the resource at zero bypass at different KH0 values at the input. The required carbonate hardness at the output KH = 6°dH.

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