Jump Tests after Support Unloading of Various Durations: Maximum Height and Accuracy of Implementation

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Abstract

The paper presents results of a study of changes in speed-strength factors of the musculoskeletal system of the human lower extremities and factors of accuracy in performing multi-joint movements after exposure to such models of the physiological effects of microgravity as 21-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) and 7-day dry immersion (DI) with electromyostimulation (EMS) as a preventive measure against muscle atony. Maximum jump height, as well as the accuracy and variability of the jump height to a predetermined height were studied. The results of the study showed that exposure to the microgravity models has a similar effect on the absolute speed-strength parameters of lower extremities muscles and leads to their decrease. At the same time, HDBR and DI have different effects on the accuracy of performing multi-joint movements to a predetermined height. Thus, after HDBR, the accuracy increased, and after DI it decreased or remained at the background level. The mentioned decrease in the accuracy after DI may be a consequence of the use of EMS during DI.

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About the authors

G. K. Primachenko

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: g.k.primachenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Shpakov

Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS; Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport

Email: g.k.primachenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. V. Voronov

Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport

Email: g.k.primachenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Sokolov

Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport

Email: g.k.primachenko@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Performing an upward jump with a squat and with a swing of the arms by the subject. A is the initial position of the subject. B – the moment of squatting to an angle in the knee joint of 90 ° (squat position). B – the final phase of repulsion (performing a jump). D – reaching the maximum jump height.

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3. Fig. 2. Decrease in the maximum jump height after experimental exposure to 7-day “dry” immersion with electromyostimulation and 21-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia without preventive measures.

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4. Fig. 3. Change in relative error after experimental exposure to 7-day “dry” immersion with electromyostimulation and 21-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia without preventive measures. * – p < 0.05.

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5. Fig. 4. The relationship between the maximum jump height and the relative error in SJ type jumps after “dry” immersion.

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6. Fig. 5. The relationship between the maximum jump height and the relative error in CMJas-type jumps before exposure to antiorthostatic hypokinesia.

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