Effectiveness of digital and telemedicine technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with dorsopathies and chronic pain syndrome: a literature review.

Dorsopathies and chronic pain syndrome (CPS) are pathologies posing a significant medical and social problem due to their high prevalence, tendency to chronicity, and the limited efficacy of standard treatments, leading to reduced work capacity and disability. Traditional rehabilitation programs face limitations including geographical remoteness, poor access to specialized care, especially in rural areas, and insufficient patient adherence. The relevance of this review stems from the need to find new, more effective, and accessible modernizations of rehabilitation programs, incorporating digital and telemedicine technologies (DT and TMT). Based on an analysis of 70 selected publications adhering to PRISMA criteria, a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of DT and TMT in the rehabilitation of patients with dorsopathies and CPS was conducted. The findings indicate that various forms of DT—synchronous (video consultations) and asynchronous (mobile applications, SMS reminders, VR/AR technologies, wearable devices utilizing biofeedback (BFB))—demonstrate comparable effectiveness to in-person formats in reducing pain intensity (VAS), improving physical activity (Oswestry, Roland-Morris indices), increasing treatment adherence (up to 90%), and enhancing quality of life (SF-36). Key mechanisms of DT's positive impact include correcting kinesiophobia through graded virtual exposure, modulating neuroplasticity, and normalizing movement patterns via real-time feedback. Despite existing organizational, regulatory, and technological gaps in the Russian Federation (lack of OMS payment regulations, software licensing issues, data confidentiality risks, low digital literacy), the accumulated international and domestic evidence base confirms the high potential of integrating DT and TMT into rehabilitation programs.