Balance disorders as a factor of activity limitation post-stroke: a contemporary interdisciplinary approach to rehabilitation



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Abstract

Disorders of postural control are a consequence of acute cerebral circulation impairment (stroke), leading to increased disability levels and determining limitations in life activities, elevated risk of falls, and a persistent decline in patients' quality of life. The relevance of this review is driven by the necessity to implement a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, integrating modern methods for diagnosing and correcting postural control disorders. This is particularly significant given the rising number of patients with this condition and the limited efficacy of traditional rehabilitation techniques. As a result of the analysis of 76 scientific publications, contemporary understanding of the pathophysiology of post-stroke balance disorders has been systematized. A key role in their genesis is attributed to central nervous system dysfunction, proprioceptive deficits, and impaired cortical activation. Valid and reliable assessment tools have been examined, including standardized clinical scales (Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test) and instrumental methods (stabilometry, 3D gait analysis, systems based on inertial measurement units - IMUs), as well as assessment methodologies aligned with the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework. The efficacy of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program utilizing innovative technological solutions, such as robotic therapy, biofeedback-based systems, and virtual reality, has been demonstrated. These interventions show a positive impact not only on physiological balance parameters but also on the level of activity and participation. Particular attention is given to combined kinesiotherapeutic methods, such as proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and the integration of psychological support for addressing the fear of falling.

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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