Vol 27, No 3 (2024)

Background: Social policy of Russian Federation is aimed to the lifetime increasing, morbidity and mortality reducing, health improving and supporting of people with functional disabilities. This determines the importance and insufficiency of regional peculiarities of morbidity and disability research in the elderly and senile population.

Aim: Analysis of dynamics and structure of newly identified disability among over working age population in Lipetsk region.

Materials and methods: The object of the study was “Information on medical and social expertise of persons aged 18 years and older” (form 7-sobes social security department). Research methods: study of statistical forms, statistical analysis. The study period is from 2020 to 2024.

Results: It was found that the largest number of disabled people in the Lipetsk region was registered in 2020 — 119 364 people, by 2024 this index was gradually decreasing — 107 614 people. Primary disability due to malignant neoplasms, circulatory and musculoskeletal system diseases is the main problem of retirement age people disability. In the age structure of disability retirement age is dominated (p <0,05). The prevailing disability group is group 3.

Conclusion: The identified features should be used in actions aimed at improving of medical and social rehabilitation of disabled people of over working age.

Background: Older people face many psychological, social, and physical challenges. Improving the quality of life of the elderly requires not only geriatric care, but also the creation of social programs. The Moscow Longevity project is aimed at improving the quality of life and health of elderly patients.

Aim: To assess the quality of life, mental and physical health of the elderly people participating in the Moscow Longevity program.

Materials and methods: An observational prospective sample cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2019, from September to May 2023, at the bases of 6 polyclinics (12 branches), including physical therapy departments, prevention departments, health centers, as well as in Social Service Centers of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow, design development, statistical processing was carried out at Department of Faculty Therapy at the Institute of Motherhood and Childhood of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia. A survey of 744 people was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the Moscow Longevity program using an independently developed questionnaire that included standard questions (age, gender, presence of chronic diseases, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, motives for participating in the Moscow Longevity program). An assessment of the quality of life, stress and depression was carried out (the questionnaire “Well-being, activity, mood”, a visual-analog scale of well-being at the time of the survey, the hospital scale of anxiety and depression (HADS). Assessment of blood glucose and lipid spectrum parameters.

Results: The conducted research revealed an improvement in the psycho-emotional state of the participants of the Moscow Longevity project, increased physical activity, and a decrease in blood cholesterol levels.

Conclusion: The Moscow Longevity project contributes to improving the quality of life and health of the elderly population, improving the psycho-emotional state and health.

According to WHO data for 2016, cancer-related mortality occupies a leading place in the world. Oncological diseases often lead to damage and changes in the bone system, reducing the quality of life and exposing patients to an increased risk of developing bone-related complications. Bone metastasis is a common complication in solid tumors, most common in cases of prostate cancer (85%), breast (70%), lung (40%), and kidney (40%). The purpose of the review is to summarize current literature data on the role of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment methods in improving bone function in patients with metastatic bone damage, as well as to identify knowledge gaps that require further research. Bone metastases are a serious problem in the treatment of cancer, often causing severe pain. Bone metastases can significantly disrupt the structural integrity of bones, leading to a number of consequences. Rehabilitation programs involving physical exercises have demonstrated high effectiveness in patients with bone metastases. These programs not only contribute to the preservation and improvement of bone health, but also improve the quality of life of patients. Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption are essential components of health management, especially for patients at risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures. Patients should receive sufficient amounts of these nutrients to maintain normal levels of ionized calcium. This review indicates the positive effect of physical exercise, the use of calcium and vitamin D, smoking cessation and alcohol consumption on the physical activity of patients. Based on the data available to date, it has been proven that proper exercise prescribed by specialists in compliance with safety measures does not have negative consequences for patients with cancer and bone metastases, osteoporosis/osteopenia, or those at risk of bone loss.