Statistical analysis of children with disabilities with obesity for 2018-2019 in the Republic of Mordovia

Background. Disability is one of the most important medical and social problems. According to the latest data, more than 1 billion people in the world are disabled according to WHO data in 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 and older were overweight, of which more than 650 million were obese (11% of men and 15% of women). According to WHO, it is expected that children with obesity will increase to 70 million by 2025. Obesity in early childhood it is most severe and less treatable, and can also lead to serious complications: hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and other diseases. The aim: we believe that the study of the population of disabled people due to various diseases with obesity in various nosologies is important for the development of comprehensive measures for the prevention of morbidity, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of this group of people. Materials and methods. We conducted a comprehensive study of children with the status of “disabled child” and initially examined in the ITU Bureau No. 4 for the Republic of Mordovia. The study group included overweight and obese children with various diseases. Information from the statistical collections of Rosstat and approved forms of state statistics No. 7-Sobes for 2019 were also included. Results. In 2019, 1065 children were examined in 4 bureaus of the ITU RM; of these, 730 children were examined to determine the category of “disabled child”, which was 68.5% (first: 262; 35.9%, second: 468; 64.1%). The largest proportion of children recognized as disabled for the first time is young children from 0 to 3 years (45,2%). In the structure of primary disability of this age category, congenital malformations account for 31% (28 people out of 90). The proportion of disabled people in the age category from 4 to 7 years is 16.5%. The proportion of disabled people in the age group 15 years and older is 9.5%. The first place is occupied by diseases of the endocrine system (42.1%), the second by diseases of the musculoskeletal system (26.3%). The largest number of patients with primary examination are obese with disorders of neuromuscular, skeletal and movement-related (statodynamic) functions ― 10 children (5%); with disorders of the cardiovascular system ― 8 children (4%); and disorders of the endocrine system ― 7 children (3.5%). When re-examining children with various pathologies, the ranking places are occupied by violations of the same functions ― neuromuscular (6.1%), cardiovascular (3.7%), endocrine (2.5%). In other persistent disorders of body functions, there are also obese patients in both groups, but their number is very small. Conclusions. When monitoring for 2018–2019, we see an increase in the number of obese children with various functional disorders. Most often, obese children recognized as disabled are found in groups with impaired statodynamic and cardiovascular functions, most likely this is due to restricted movement. And such patients are recommended to follow the principles of a healthy diet more carefully, no matter what aggravates the existing condition. And thus, in a short time to carry out all the necessary rehabilitation measures and in some cases reduce the period of disability.